Scottish Episcopal Institute Journal Volume 3.4 Winter 2019 ISSN 2399-8989 Liturgical Revision in the Scottish Episcopal Church Curated by John Reuben Davies and Nicholas Taylor Preface on Behalf of the College of Bishops MARK STRANGE 5 Foreword by the Convener of the Liturgy Committee JOHN REUBEN DAVIE S 6 Towards Renewal of the Scottish Liturgy: Some Principles NICHOLAS TAYLOR 8 Revision, Resourcing and Representation: Contemporary Trends in Liturgical Provision BRIDGET NICHOLS 18 Language and Inclusion ALISON JASPER 36 Intercessions and the Scottish Liturgy DAVID JASPER 49 The Lord’s Prayer in the Eucharist NICHOLAS TAYLOR 57 The ‘Peace’ in the Liturgies of the Scottish Episcopal Church JOHN REUBEN DAVIES 65 Issues in Eucharistic Theology NICHOLAS TAYLOR 79 SCOTTISH EPISCOPAL INSTITUTE JOURNAL 2 The Fraction and the Distribution NICHOLAS TAYLOR 94 Worship with Care: The Pastoral Dimension of Liturgy ARMAND LÉON VAN OMMEN 101 Season of Creation: A Time to Pray and Act RACHEL MASH 117 The Scottish Episcopal Institute Annual Lecture 2019 Their Pattern and Their King: The Gospel of Matthew as a Model for Christian Formation PAUL FOSTER 124 Book Reviews CHRISTIAN C. SAHNER. Christian Martyrs under Islam: Religious Violence and the Making of the Muslim World Reviewed by NICHOLAS TAYLOR 137 ANDREW RUMSEY. Parish: An Anglican Theology of Place Reviewed by JENNIFER HOLDEN 139 GEORGE CORBETT, ed. Annunciations: Sacred Music for the Twenty-first Century Reviewed by ANN LOADES 142 CHRISTINE SCHENK. Crispina and Her Sisters: Women and Authority in Early Christianity Reviewed by NICHOLAS TAYLOR 147 DAVID JASPER. Heaven in Ordinary: Poetry and Religion in a Secular Age Reviewed by MICHAEL HULL 148 SCOTTISH EPISCOPAL INSTITUTE JOURNAL 3 A special request regarding the late Professor Donald M. MacKinnon Dr André Muller, who is working on an intellectual biography of Professor Donald M. MacKinnon (1913–94), would be very interested to hear from anyone who knew the Scottish philosophical theologian, or heard him lecture or preach, or corresponded with him, or has any information about him. Dr Muller may be contacted via email ([email protected]) or post (14a Arnot Ave, Clouston Park, Upper Hutt, 5018, New Zealand). Enquiries Enquires to the Revd Dr Michael Hull Scottish Episcopal Institute 21 Grosvenor Crescent Edinburgh EH12 5EE Scotland–UK 0131 225 6357 [email protected] Disclaimer The opinions, beliefs and viewpoints expressed by the authors in the Scottish Episcopal Institute Journal do not necessarily reflect the opinions, beliefs and viewpoints of the Scottish Episcopal Church, the General Synod of the Scottish Episcopal Church or the Scottish Episcopal Institute. Copyright The author of each article published here owns his or her own words. The articles in the Scottish Episcopal Journal may be freely redistributed in other media and non-commercial publications as long as the article is not abridged, edited or altered in any way without the express consent of the author. A redistributed article may not be sold for profit or included in another medium or publication that is sold for profit without the express consent of the author. The articles in the Scottish Episcopal Journal may be included in commercial publication or other media only if prior consent for republication is received from the author. The author may request compensation for republication for commercial use. Revised Wednesday 18 December 2019 Preface on Behalf of the College of Bishops MARK STRANGE Bishop of Moray, Ross & Caithness and Primus The life of the Church, as the worshipping community of all the baptized, has the Eucharist at its heart. The people of God meet Christ, above all, in the Eucharist. Through the liturgy of the Eucharist we truly become the body of Christ, are fed by him in Word and Sacrament, and are sent out into the world to proclaim the good news of his kingdom. The liturgy therefore leads and impels us in mission. For this reason, liturgical formation and liturgical renewal are foundations for mission and growth; a formation and renewal that draws on perhaps the most rich and flexible tradition of sacramental worship in the Anglican Communion. At the centre of this tradition is the Scottish Liturgy (in its three current forms). The Church must constantly be attentive to the Liturgy and the manner and forms in which it is celebrated. The College of Bishops therefore commends the process of scholarship, consultation, and discussion, of which this special issue of the Scottish Episcopal Institute Journal forms a part, as the Liturgy Committee seeks to implement the mandate of the Faith and Order Board to present suggestions for the renewal of the Scottish Liturgy. Foreword by the Convener of the Liturgy Committee JOHN REUBEN DAVIES Research Fellow in History in the School of Humanities of the University of Glasgow Convener, Liturgy Committee of the Faith and Order Board By the celebration of the Eucharist we anticipate the life of the kingdom, and in the Eucharist, we receive Christ as the one who has ‘the words of eternal life’ (John 6. 68), and who is indeed ‘the bread of life’ (John 6. 48). Growth is a sign of life, and renewal is the means by which growth comes about. The Church can, in one sense, only be renewed through its liturgy, since it is through the liturgy – and through Baptism and Eucharist most precisely, as the sacraments of the Paschal mystery – that the Church is made and exists. And the reason the Church exists is as a herald for salvation. As the Primus reminds us in his Preface, it is for this very reason that the liturgy ‘leads and impels us in mission’. The recognition that liturgical formation and liturgical renewal must be ‘the foundations for mission and growth’, centred on the celebration of the Eucharist, is therefore behind the commission delivered by the Faith and Order Board, to the Liturgy Committee, to begin the work of study and review of the Scottish Liturgy so that the Eucharistic worship offered throughout the Scottish Episcopal Church can allow us all the more truly to stand at the centre of the world, like Christ, and bless God. And so that we can receive the world from God and offer it to God. For the purpose of all Christians is to become the true ‘liturgists of Jesus Christ’ (cf. Romans 15. 16). The community of love and faith, which is the Church, is also a community full of hope and new life focused on sacrificial love and thanksgiving. And this kind of sacrificial love and thanksgiving is demonstrated at the heart of our liturgical life in the Eucharist. Only with the Eucharist, therefore, as the liturgy of word and sacrament at the heart of our lives, can we know who we are and be known for who we are. Only with the Eucharist as the heart of the life of the Church can the love of God reach beyond the act of worship and into the everyday life of the world. For the liturgy shows us how to see the world, and how to live in the world, and is therefore ‘for the life of the world’ (John 6. 51). At the start of the process of study and review, the Liturgy Committee now offers this conversation about some of the principles of liturgical revision and renewal. Other ways of continuing and broadening the SCOTTISH EPISCOPAL INSTITUTE JOURNAL 7 conversation are also envisaged – workshops and study days, regional consultations and local discussions – but we begin here by setting out various ideas based on a range of scholarship and practical knowledge. This issue of the SEI Journal offers a collection of studies mainly by members of the Liturgy Committee. We have nevertheless also invited several contributions from specialists outside the Committee. The articles do not represent any settled opinion of the Liturgy Committee but rather the considered thoughts of the individual contributors at the outset of this journey. Neither have all the issues that need to be discussed been included here. We therefore aim to produce further collections of studies, covering themes such as communication, movement, culture, children, dementia, immobility, and inclusion; seasonal provision; and the Eucharist as the setting for other sacramental acts. One question that we are especially aware of is the case for theological diversity in the provision for Eucharistic Prayers; and we hope that scholars from an evangelical position will be able to respond to our invitation to address the questions which have so often been raised within congregations, the Faith and Order Board, and the General Synod. In the meantime, the following collection is presented to the Church – and the Scottish Episcopal Church in particular – as a starting point for discussion. Towards Renewal of the Scottish Liturgy: Some Principles NICHOLAS TAYLOR Rector, St Aidan’s Church (Clarkston) Member, Doctrine Committee and Member, Liturgy Committee of the Faith and Order Board Liturgy is an act of the Church, not of the officiating minister, nor even of the gathered congregation, but of the Church catholic, ‘at all times and in all places’. Nevertheless, for reasons of historical accident as well as of cultural mutation or theological principle, Christian worship has evolved in different ways in different contexts and gives expression to the faith as understood and experienced, within a dynamic tradition, by a particular community in a particular place. Worship is therefore local as well as global, and the ordering of our worship requires that the catholic and the contextual both be expressed. What is true of liturgy in general is pre-eminently true of the Eucharist, commemorating as it does the once-and-for-all death and resurrection of Christ. As the Body of Christ constitutes one Church, expresses one faith, and administers one Baptism, so too it celebrates the one Eucharist.