Green Cities New Approaches to Confronting Climate Change OECD WORKSHOP PROCEEDINGS LAS PALMAS DE GRAN CANARIA, SPAIN 11 JUNE 2009 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The Workshop on Green Cities: New Approaches to Confronting Climate Change, 11 June 2009, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain, was organised by the OECD and the City Council of Las Palmas, Gran Canaria. Special thanks are given to the Mayor of Las Palmas, Mr. Jerónimo Saavedra Acevedo, Sebastián Franquis Vera (Director of Presidency) and Benito Cabrera Figueroa (Director of Economy and Finance) as well as Andrés Caballero Quintana (Head of Economic Studies), Jerónimo Samuel Ramírez Santana (Chief of Protocol), Ana Buendía Lozano (Senior Analyst, Economic Studies), Leslie Perea Cook (Senior Analyst, International Relations Unit) and Emma Rodriguez Alamo (Senior Analyst, Communication Cabinet). We are also grateful to Jose Manuel Rodriguez Alvarez, Deputy Director of European Affairs, City of Madrid, and former Spanish Delegate of the OECD Working Party on Urban Areas. The OECD Workshop on Green Cities: New Approaches to Confronting Climate Change, is part of the OECD programme of work on regional development, directed by Mario Pezzini, Deputy Director, Public Governance and Territorial Development and headed by Marcos Bonturi, Head of the OECD Regional Competitiveness and Governance Division. The conference was co-ordinated by Lamia Kamal-Chaoui, Head of the Urban Development Programme, in collaboration with Suzanne-Nicola Leprince, and Marie-Claire Guttery and with the support of Michael G. Donovan and Olaf Merk. The content of the conference agenda has also benefitted from valuable suggestions from Jan Corfee-Morlot (Environment Directorate) and Hiroshi Kobayashi (Regional Sustainable Development Division). The proceedings were edited by Victoria C. Elliott, writer/editor at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, and prepared for publication by Sophia Katsira, Laura Woodman, Jeanette Duboys and Erin Byrne, OECD Secretariat. 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS AGENDA ...................................................................................................................................... 8 OPENING SPEECH BY THE MAYOR OF LAS PALMAS DE GRAN CANARIA, JERONIMO SAAVEDRA ACEVEDO ...................................................................................... 18 OPENING SPEECH AND WELCOMING STATEMENT BY THE HEAD OF THE OECD REGIONAL COMPETITIVENESS AND GOVERNANCE DIVISION, MARCOS BONTURI ................................................................................................................. 20 SESSION 1-A: INSIDE THE ―GREEN‖ POLICY TOOLBOX: INNOVATIONS IN URBAN PLANNING AND GOVERNANCE .......................................................................................... 21 THE NEW MEANING OF METROPOLITAN PLANNING IN THE ILE DE FRANCE REGION by Vincent Fouchier, Institut d‟aménagement et d‟urbanisme, Ile de France .................... 22 DEVELOPING AN ECO-MODEL CITY IN JAPAN TOYAMA‘S COMPACT CITY STRATEGY – REDUCING CO2 by Masashi Mori, Mayor of Toyama City, Japan ................................................................ 38 CLIMATE CHANGE IN PARIS: CITY PLANNING, STRATEGY AND GOVERNANCE FOR A COMPACT CAPITAL by Hélène de Largentaye, Sustainable Development Adviser, Paris City Council, France .................................................................................................................................. 49 AN EXAMPLE OF A PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP AS AN INSTRUMENT OF CLIMATE PROTECTION IN AN URBAN REGION WITH RURAL SURROUNDINGS by Marlene Potthoff, Deputy Director, Climate Protection Agency, Region of Hanover, Germany .............................................................................................................................. 55 INSIDE THE ―GREEN‖ POLICY TOOLBOX: INNOVATIONS IN URBAN PLANNING AND GOVERNANCE by Eduardo Jorge Martins Alves Sobrinho, Secretary for Green and Environment, City Hall of São Paulo, Brazil ............................................................................................. 64 GREEN TRANSPORTATION, EXPERIENCES OF BEIJING by Liu Zhili, Liu Xiaoming, Yang Zhongwei, Ge Yu, Chen Jinchuan .................................. 67 CLIMATE CHANGES IN EGYPT: EXISTING EFFORTS AND RECOMMENDATIONS by Ayman El-Hefnawi, Vice Chairman, General Organisation for Physical Planning, Ministry of Housing Utilities and Urban Development, Egypt ............................................ 75 SESSION 1-B: THE POTENTIAL OF THE GREEN ECONOMY ........................................... 83 UNITED KINGDOM: CITIES AND CLIMATE CHANGE by Keith Thorpe, Head of Urban Policy Support, Cities and Urban Policy Division, Department for Communities and Local Government, United Kingdom, UK Delegate to the OECD Working Party on Territorial Policy in Urban Areas .................................... 84 5 THE POTENTIAL OF THE GREEN ECONOMY by Nam-Geon Cho, Korea Research Institute for Human Settlements, Adviser to the Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs, Korea ............................................ 93 THE POTENTIAL OF THE GREEN ECONOMY by Mat Santamouris, Group Building Environmental Studies, Physics Department, University of Athens, Athens, Greece ................................................................................ 108 TORONTO‘S GREEN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY by Christine Raissis, Director, Strategic Growth and Sector Development, Economic Development, Culture and Tourism, City of Toronto ........................................................ 118 AGGLOMERATION, ACCESSIBILITY, ATTRACTIVENESS: THE ―TRIPLE-A‖ FACTOR OF URBAN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT by Fabio Grazi, International Research Centre on the Environment and Development (CIRED), Paris, France ............................................................................... 138 SESSION 2-A: GREEN GOVERNMENT: WHY CO-OPERATION ACROSS LEVELS OF GOVERNMENT IS ESSENTIAL? .................................................................... 153 EXCERPTS FROM INFORMATION PAPER ON INNOVATIONS IN MULTI- LEVEL GOVERNANCE FOR ENERGY EFFICIENCY: SHARINGEXPERIENCE WITH MULTI-LEVEL GOVERNANCE TO ENHANCE ENERGY EFFICIENCY by Sara Pasquier, Energy Efficiency Unit, International Energy Agency ......................... 154 CLIMATE LA – LOS ANGELES‘ MUNICIPAL CLIMATE CHANGE PROGRAMME by Beth Jines, Assistant General Manager, Environmentla, Los Angeles ......................... 167 GREEN GOVERNMENT: WHY CO-OPERATION ACROSS LEVELS OF GOVERNMENTS IS ESSENTIAL by Juan Carlos Zentella Gomez, Deputy General Director for Land Planning, Mexico .. 177 SESSION 2-B: FINANCING CLIMATE FRIENDLY INITIATIVES .................................... 185 FINANCING CLIMATE-FRIENDLY INITIATIVES: THE ROLE OF THE EUROPEAN INVESTMENT BANK by Brian G. Field, Senior Economist, European Investment Bank .................................... 186 CLIMATE INVESTMENT PROGRAMMES IN SWEDEN by Ola Göransson, Head of Section, Division for Sustainable Development, Ministry of Environment, Sweden ...................................................................................... 193 A COMMUNITY TAKES CHARGE: THE EVOLUTION OF BOULDER‘S CARBON TAX by Jonathan Koehn, Environmental Affairs Director, City of Boulder, Colorado, United States ...................................................................................................................... 195 INPUT AND EXPERIENCES FROM THE WORLD BANK URBAN FINANCE AND CLIMATE CHANGE: FINANCING CLIMATE-FRIENDLY INITIATIVES AT CITY LEVEL by Mila Freire, Senior Advisor, World Bank ..................................................................... 207 SESSION 3-A: BLUE IS THE NEW GREEN: EMERGING TRENDS IN WATER MANAGEMENT ...................................................................................................................... 219 FLOOD RISK ASSESSMENT AND POLICY IN THE NETHERLANDS by Wouter Jonkhoff, Economist, TNO, the Netherlands .................................................... 220 6 GREEN CITIES: NEW APPROACHES TO CONFRONTING CLIMATE CHANGE: THE VENICE EXPERIENCE by Antonio Paruzzolo, Managing Director of Thetis Spa, Venice, Italy ............................ 241 A WATER COMPANY PERSPECTIVE by Paul Hickey, Head of Environmental Services, Anglian Water, United Kingdom ....... 259 BUILDING RESILIENCE TO SEA-LEVEL RISE IN NORTHERN VIRGINIA by Laura Grape, Senior Environmental Planner, Northern Virginia Regional Commission ........................................................................................................ 272 SESSION 3-B: MANAGING PORT CITIES ........................................................................... 283 LAS PALMAS PORT AS AN URBAN TOOL by Javier Sánchez-Simón Muños, President of the Port Authority of Las Palmas, Spain .................................................................................................................................. 284 7 AGENDA “GREEN CITIES: NEW APPROACHES TO CONFRONTING CLIMATE CHANGE” OECD Workshop, Alfredo Kraus Auditorium, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain Thursday 11 June. 9:00 to 19:00 Background and objective of the meeting City governments play a critical role in addressing the global challenge of climate change. Though output in cities is responsible for the majority of global carbon emissions, a groundswell of local initiatives has placed local government on the front lines of environmental management. Cities in many ways are bellwethers and testing grounds for emerging trends in climate solutions. In light of these developments, during the 2008 OECD Roundtable of