GUJARAT STATE HIGHWAYS PROJECT: PHASE IIB REPORT ON CULTURAL PROPERTIES - Public Disclosure Authorized VOL. IIF E228 Vol. 10 - Revised RAJASTHAN Public Disclosure Authorized 4 4 9t~ / >'"''o1 ' 'r-lJ*'' > ~ A to 0 MADHYA \S~~~ .,. ~Jl}aSt Public Disclosure Authorized ARABIANSEAqi' MAHARASHTRA Project Coordinating Consultancy Services A World Bank Project Final Report- Vol. II F Public Disclosure Authorized Prepared for D The Governmnent of Gujarat Lea International Ltd. Roads and Buildings Department in association with March 2002 Lea Associates South Asia Pvt. Ltd. TABLE OF CONTENTS PARTICULARS PAGE 1. INTRODUCTION 1-1 1.1 OVERVIEW OF GUJARAT STATE HIGHWAYS PROJECT 1-1 1.1.1 OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT 1-2 1.1.2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION 1-2 1.1.3 BENEFITS FROM THE PROJECT 1-3 1.4 PHASES OF THE PROJECT 1-3 1.2 OVER VIEW OF GSHP: PHASE IIB 1-4 1.3 ROAD PROJECTS AND CULTURAL PROPERTIES 1-5 2. INSTITUTIONAL AND LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK 2-1 2.1 BACKGROUND 2-1 2.2 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK 2-1 2.2.1 THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF INDIA (ASI) 2-1 2.2.2 NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS 2-1 2.3 LEGAL FRAMEWORK 2-2 2.3.1 CENTRAL LEGISLATION : THE ANC:IENT MONUMENTS AND ARCHEOLOGICAL 2-2 SITES AND REMAINS ACT, 1958 2.3.2 STATE LEGISLATION: GUAJARAT ANCIENT MONUMENTS AND 2-3 ARCHEOLOGICAL SITES AND REMAINS ACT, 1965 3. APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY 3-1 3.1 APPROACH 3-1 3.2 DELINEATION OF INFLUENCE ZONES OF THE RPOJECT 3-1 3.3 METHODOLOGY 3-2 3.3.1 ESTABLISHMENT OF CULTURAL BASELINE 3-2 3.3.2 IDENTIFICATION OF POTENTIAL IMPACTS ON CULTURAL PROPERTIES 3-2 3.3.3 AVOIDANCE AND MITIGATION OF IMPACTS 3-2 3.3.4 ENHANCEMENT OPPORTUNITIES 3-2 3.3.5 FORMULATION OF A CULTURAL PROPERTIES MANAGEMENT PLAN 3-2 PARTICULARS PAGE 4. CULTURAL CONTEXT OF CORRIDORS 4-I 4.1 CULTURAL CONTEXT OF THE PHASE IIB CORRIDORS 4-1 4 1.1 JUNAGADH DISTRICT 4-1 4.1.2 JAMNAGAR DISTRICT 4-1 4.1.3 RAJKOT DISTRICT 4-1 4 1.4 KACHCHH DISTRICT 4-2 4 1.5 VADODARA DISTRICT 4-2 4.1.6 BHARUCH DISTRICT 4-2 4.1.7 AHMEDABAD DISTRICT 4-2 4.1.8 SURAT DISTRICT 4-3 4.1.9 VALSAD DISTRICT 4-3 4.1.10 SURENDRANAGAR DISTRICT 4-3 4.2 CLASSIFICATION OF CULTURAL PROPERTY 4-3 4.2.1 ARCHEOLOGICAL SITES AND MONUMENTS 4-3 4.2.2 CULTURAL VILLAGES 4-4 4.2.3 SHRINES AND SCARED STRUCTURES 4-5 4.3 CULTURAL PROPERTIES IN PHASE IIB 4-7 4.3.1 CORRIDOR 21: DHOLKA - BAGODRA 4-7 4.3.2 CORRIDOR 02: VIRAMGAM - HALVAD 4-9 4.3.3 CORRIDOR 10: VADODARA - PADRA - JAMBUSAR 4-11 4.3.4 CORRIDOR 13: OLPAD - ICHHAPORE 4-13 4.3.5 CORRIDOR 26: JETPUR - JUNAGADH 4-14 4.3.6 CORRIDOR 27: RAJKOT - MORVI 4-15 4.3.7 CORRIDOR 21: WATAMAN - PIPLI 4-17 4.3.8 CORRIDOR 28: DHROL TO KHAMBHALIYA 4-18 4.3.9 CULTURAL 12: BHARUCH - DAHE) 4-19 4.3.10 CORRIDOR 15: MAGDALA - SACHIN 4-20 ii PARTICULARS PAGE 4.4 APPROACH 4-21 4.5 DELINEATION OF INFLUENCE ZONES OF THE PROJECT 4-21 4.6 METHODOLOGY 4-22 4.6.1 ESTABLISHMENT OF CULTURAL BASELINE 4-22 4.6.2 IDENTIFICATION OF POTENTIAL IMPACTS ON CULTURAL PROPERTIES 4-22 4.6.3 AVOIDANCE AND MITIGATION OF IMPACTS 4-23 4.6.4 ENHANCEMENT OPPORTUNITIES 4-23 4.6.5 FORMULATION OF A CULTURAL PROPERTIES MANAGEMENT PLAN 4-23 5. IMPACT IDENTIFICATION 5-1 5.1 IMPACT IDENTIFICATION 5-1 5.2 IMPACT ZONES 5-1 5.3 IMPACTS ON CULTURAL PROPERTIES 5-2 5.3.1 DAMAGE TO CUTURAL ASSETS 5-3 5.3.2 CONTAMINATION OF SITE 5-3 5.3.3 POLLUTION 5-5 5.3.4 LOSS/ DISRUPTION OF ACCESS 5-5 5.3.5LOSS OF AMBIENCE 5-6 5.4 CORRIDOR WISE IMPACTS ON CULTURAL PROPERTIES: 5-6 5.4.1 CORRIDOR 10: VADODARA - PADRA - JAMBUSAR 5-6 5.4.2 CORRIDOR 12: BHARUCH - DAHEJ 5-7 5.4.3 CORRIDOR 26: JETPUR - JUNAGADH 5-7 5.4.4 CORRIDOR 27: RAJKOT - MORVI 5-8 5.4.5 CORRIDOR 28: DHROL - KHAMEIHALIYA 5-8 5.4.6 CORRIDOR 02: VIRAMGAM - HALVAD 5-9 5.4.7 CORRIDOR 21: DHOLKA - BAGODHRA 5-9 5.4.8 CORRIDOR 21: WATAMAN - PIPLI 5-10 5.4.9 CORRIDOR 13: ICHHAPORE - OlPAD 5-10 5.4.10 CORRIDOR 15: MAGDALA TO SACHIN 5-10 PARTICULARS PAGE 5.5 CULTURAL HOTSPOTS 5-10 5.5.1 CATEGORISATION OF HOMOGENEOUS SECTIONS 5-11 5.5.2 ISSUES 5-12 6. AVOIDANCE AND MITIGATION OF IMPACTS 6-1 6.1 AVOIDANCE AND MITIGATION MEASURES 6-2 6.1.1 AVOIDANCE OF IMPACT ON CULTURAL PROPERTY 6-2 6.1.2 PROVISION OF RETAINING WALL 6-3 6.2 MITIGATION OF IMPACT ON CULTURAL PROPERTY 6-3 6.2.1 REDEFINING ACCESS TO THE CULTURAL PROPERTY 6-3 6.2.2 PROTECTIVE BARRIERES 6-4 6.2.3 RELOCATION OF THE CULTURAL PROPERTY 6-4 6.2.4 LANDSCAPING 6-4 6.2.5 USE OF CAUTIONARY MEASURES 6-5 6.3 CRITERIA FOR MITIGATION 6-6 6.4 SAFETY / PRECAUTIONARY / CAUTIONARY MEASURES FOR 6-6 MITIGATION OF IMPACTS. 6.5 RELOCATION 6-7 7. ENHANCEMENT OF CULTURAL PROPERTIES 7-1 7.1 ENHANCEMENT MEASURES 7-1 7.1.1 PROVIDING AND/ OR IMPROVING ACCESS 7-1 7.1.2 IMPROVING, DEFFINING, REDEFFINING THE PRECINCTS 7-1 7.1.3 CREATING SEATING SPACES AND REST AREA 7-2 7.1.4 PLANTATION 7-2 7.1.5 OTHERS 7-2 7.2 SCREENING FOR ENHANCEMENT 7-2 7.2.1 SIZE 7-3 7.2.2 BUILDING MATERIAL 7-3 7.2.3 VALUE 7-3 7.2.4 OWNERSHIP 7-3 iv PARTICULARS PAGE 4.3 CORRIDOR WISE ENHANCEMENT OF CULTURAL PROPERTIES 7-4 4.3.1 CORRIDOR 26: JETPUR - JUNAGADH 7-4 4.3.2 CORRIDOR 27: RAJKOT - MORVI 7-6 4.3.3 CORRIDOR DHOLKA - BAGODRA 7-8 4.3.4 CORRIDOR 28: DHROL - KHAMBHALIA 7-8 4.3.5 CORRIDOR 02: VIRAMGAM - HALVAD 7-8 4.3.6 CORRIDOR 21: WATAMAN - PIPLI 7-9 4.3.7 CORRIDOR 15: MAGDALA - SACHIN 7-9 4.3.8 CORRIDOR 10: VADODARA - PADRA - JAMBUSAR 7-9 4.3.9 CORRIDOR 12: BHARUCH - DAHEJ 7-11 LIST OF FIGURES: FIGURE 1.1: THE CORRIDOR OF IMPACT 1-2 FIGURE 4.1: SOMNATH TEMPLE 4-1 FIGURE 4.2: WILD ASS IN THE CENTURY 4-2 FIGURE4.3: THE ACROPOLIS AT LOTHAL 4-2 FIGURE 4.4: THE DOCK AT LOTHAL 4-2 FIGURE 4.5: SHRINE AS MEMORIAL OF ACCIDENT VICTIM 4-5 FIGURE 4.6: SHRINE WORSHIPPED BY LOCAL COMMUNITY 4-6 FIHURE 4.7: A TEMPLE AT CH 6.9 ON VADODARA CORRIDOR 4-6 FIGURE 4.8: SANGMA VILLAGE 4-12 vi LIST OF TABLES: TABLE 1.1: PHASE-WISE IMPLEMENTATION PROGRAMME 1-4 TABLE 1.2: GENERAL FEATURES OF THE PHASE IIB CORRIDORS 1-5 TABLE 4 1 SETTLEMENTS ON PHASE IIB CORRIDORS 4-5 TABLE 4.2: CULTURAL PROPERTIES BY TYPE WITHIN THE ROW OF THE PROJECT 4-7 CORRIDOR TABLE 4.4: SHRINES AND SACRED STRUCTURES ON DHOLKA - BAGODARA 4-8 TABLE 4.5: ARCHEOLOGICAL MONUMENTS / PROTECTED SITES WITHIN 10 KM OF 4-9 THE CORRIDOR TABLE 4.6: SHRINES AND SACRED STRUCTURES ON VIRAMGAM - HALVAD CORRIDOR 4-11 TABLE 4.7: ARCHEOLOGICAL MONUMENTS / PROTECTED SITES WITHIN 10 KM OF THE 4-11 CORRIDOR TABLE 4.8: SHRINES AND SACRED STRUCTURES ON VADODARA - JAMBUSAR 4-12 CORRIDOR TABLE 4.9: ARCHEOLOGICAL MONUMENTS / PROTECTED SITES WITHIN 10 KM OF 4-13 OLPAD - ICHHAPORE CORRIDOR TABLE 4.10: ARCHEOLOGICAL MONUMENT; / PROTECTED SITES WITHIN 10 KM OF 4-14 JETPUR - JUNAGADH CORRIDOR TABLE 4.11: SHRINES AND SACRED STRUCTURES ON JETPUR - JUNAGADH CORRIDOR 4-15 TABLE 4.12: ARCHEOLOGICAL MONUMENTS / PROTECTED SITES WITHIN 10 KM OF 4-15 RAJKOT - MORVI CORRIDOR TABLE 4.13: SHRINES AND SACRED STRUCTURES ON RAJKOT - MORVI CORRIDOR 4-16 TABLE 4.14: ARCHEOLOGICAL MONUMENTS / PROTECTED SITES WITHIN 10 KM OF 4-17 THE CORRIDOR TABLE 4.15: SHRINES AND SACRED STRUCTURES ON WATAMAN - PIPLI CORRIDOR 4-18 TABLE 4.16: ARCHEOLOGICAL MONUMENTS/ PROTECTED SITES WITHIN 10 KM OF 4.18 DHROL-KHAMBHALIA CORRIDOR TABLE 4.17: SHRINES AND SACRED STRUCTURES ON DHROL - JAMNAGAR CORRIDOR 4-19 TABLE 4.18: SHRINES AND SACRED STRUCTURES ON BHARUCH - DAHEJ CORRIDOR 4-20 TABLE 4.19: SHRINES AND SACRED STRUCTURES ON MAGDALA - SACHIN CORRIDOR 4-21 Vii TABLE 5.1: LIKELY IMPACTS ON CULTURAL PROPERTIES DEPENDING UPON THE 5-2 IMPACT ZONE TABLE 5.2: IMPACT IDENTIFICATION MATRIX FOR CULTURAL ENVIRONMENT 5-4 TABLE 5.3: IMPACTS OF PHASE IIB ON CULTURAL PROPERTIES ON VADODARA- PADRA 5-6 JAM BUSAR TABLE 5.4: IMPACTS OF PHASE IIB ON CULTURAL PROPERTIES ON BHARUCH - DAHEJ 5-7 CORRIDOR TABLE 5.5: IMPACTS OF PHASE IIB ON CULTURAL PROPERTIES ON JETPUR - 5-7 JUNAGADH CORRIDOR TABLE 5.6: IMPACTS OF PHASE IIB ON CULTURAL PROPERTIES ON RAJKOT - MORVI 5-8 CORRIDOR TABLE 5.7: IMPACTS OF PHASE IIB ON CULTURAL PROPERTIES ON DHROL- 5-8 KHAMBHALIA CORRIDOR TABLE 5.8: IMPACTS OF PHASE IIB ON CULTURAL PROPERTIES ON VIRAMGAM - HALVAD 5-9 CORRIDOR TABLE 5.9: IMPACTS OF PHASE IIB ON CULTURAL PROPERTIES ON DHOLKA - BAGODRA 5-9 CORRIDOR TABLE 5.10: IMPACTS OF PHASE IIB ON CULTURAL PROPERTIES ON WATAMAN - PIPLI 5-10 CORRIDOR TABLE 5.11: IMPACTS OF PHASE IIB ON CULTURAL PROPERTIES ON ICHHAPORE - 5-10 OLPAD CORRIDOR TABLE 5.12: IMPACTS OF PHASE IIB ON CULTURAL PROPERTIES ON MAGDALA - 5-10 SACHIN CORRIDOR TABLE 5.13: LOCATION OF CULTURAL PROPERTIES 5-11 TABLE 6.1: AVOIDANCE AND MITIGATION MEASURES FOR CULTURAL PROPERTIES 6-1 TABLE 6.2: PROPOSED CORRIDOR WISE LOCATIONS FOR PUTTING UP HAZARD 6-7 MARKERS TABLE 7.1: MATRIX SHOWING ENHANCEMENTS FOR SPACIFIC ISSUES 7-2 TABLE 7.2: CULTURAL PROPERTIES ON PHASE IIB PROPOSED TO BE ENHANCED 7-4 TABLE 7.3: ENHANCEMENT FOR DARGAH AT CH.