HORSE EXPO Madera County 4-H Horse Level III & IV Also refer to Levels I & II HORSE EXPO STUDY GUIDE Madera County 4-H Level III & IV Written Test Level III Level IV Multiple Choice 15 15 Matching 15 15 Unsoundness 19 Bits 12 Parts - Hoof & Mouth 21 & 17 Markings - Face and Legs 15 Total 76 68 Expo Day Skills Level III Level IV Feed ID 15 Equipment ID 25 30 Tack Use 10 Clipping, Clipper, First Aid Skills 65 Riding Skills 35 Lunging 30 Trailering 60 Showmanship 35 40 Judging 10/10 10/10 Sub-Total for Skills Portion 195 190 Sub-Total for Written Test 76 68 Total For Expo Test 271 258 Total Needed to Pass Level 216.8 206.4 Madera County Horse Expo 8/06 1 TERMS LEVEL III – May include terms from Levels I, II and terms from Colorado Horse Manual Forehand - The fore part of a horse Body condition - The amount of fat (the forelegs, head and shoulders). Lame - When an animal moves covering the ribs and other skeleton unevenly as a result of pain or an parts of the horse. Galvayne’s Groove - A groove on unsound condition. the upper corner incisor that appears at Brand - A mark of identification. A the gum line at ten years of age, is Ligaments - A band or sheet of private registered mark burned, frozen halfway down the tooth at 15 years and connective, fibrous tissue connecting or tattooed on the horse. all the way down at 20 years of age. two or more bones. Gene - The most basic unit of heredity. Molars - The large, grinding teeth ell - A tiny Structure that is the C Each gene carries specific proteins along both sides of the adult horse’s basic unit of all plant or animal with information that determines traits jaw (24 total). organization. in offspring. Genes each occupy a avicular - 1) The bone in the heel specific place on the chromosome. N Chestnuts - The horny growths on the of the horse’s hoof, also the distal inside of a horse’s legs above the knee Genetics - The study of inheritance sesamoid bone; 2) the degeneration of and below the hock. and breeding. the navicular bone, causing permanent lameness. Chromosome - Long, thread-like Genotype - The genetic makeup of the structures within the cell that carry the Nickering - A soft, welcoming sound units of inheritance, genes. animal, the combination of genes belonging to one horse. made by a content horse. Cinch (cincha) - A wide- cord girth Ovulation - The time when the egg is used on western saddles to hold the Gestation - The period of pregnancy given up by the ovary and the corpus saddle on the horse. Called the girth when the mare is in foal, usually lasts luteum begins to secrete progesterone. on English saddles. 345-350 days, roughly 11 months. Cue - A signal or motion to begin a Girth - 1) The circumference of the Paddling - The horse throwing its course of action. horses’ barrel just behind the elbows front feet outward instead of straight as and withers; 2) the part of the English it moves forward. saddle that encircles the horse’s barrel. Deworm - To administer medicine Pedigree - A record of a horse’s to kill the internal parasites in a horse. ancestry. Halter classes - Equine classes judged while handling the horse from Digestible energy - The portion of Phalange - One of the bones in the the ground. pastern or hoof, first phalange is thee the dietary energy (calories) that is long pastern bone, second is the short useful to the animal. Hormone - A body-regulating pastern bone and third phalange is the chemical secreted by a gland of the coffin bone. body (such as estrogen, testosterone, strous cycle - The regular, 21-day E insulin). occurrence during the breeding season Phenotype - The outward appearance which includes proestrus, di-estrus, of the animal as an expression of the and estrus. Incisors - The cutting teeth on the genetic makeup. front of the jaw, horses have three pairs on top and three pairs on bottom. Points on molars - Sharp edges of the Estrus (heat) - A four to seven day molars that continue to grow longer period when a mare may accept a and sharper on the outside of the upper stallion for breeding. Judge - The official who ranks the jaw and inside of the lower jaw horses at horse shows; the official who because the lower jaw is narrower than the skull. These irritate the horse’s Fetus - The unborn foal as it determines any infraction of rules . develops in the uterus from mouth and may need to be floated or fertilization (the uniting of egg and filed. sperm) to birth. Madera County Horse Expo 8/06 2 Posting - The rising and lowering of a Skeleton - The 205 bones that Thoroughpin - Puffy swelling on rider with the rhythm of the trot. establish the frame of the horse’s body. upper part of hock and in front of the Snaffle - A bit for horses that has large tendon. Pulse rate - The speed at which the either a straight or jointed mouth piece heart is pumping blood throughout the and works on the corners of the mouth Throatlatch - The part of the bridle body (expressed per minute). Normal without any leverage. that fastens around the horse’s throat resting pulse (heart rate) is 40-44 or jaw strap. beats per minute for a mature horse. Sperm - The male cells that unite with the egg in the oviduct of the mare to Tree - A wooden, metal or fiberglass Purebred - Bred from members of a form a fetus. frame on which saddles are built. recognized breed without mixture of blood from other breeds. Stud - Refers to a horse-breeding farm Trot - An English two-beat diagonal or ranch; corrupted in common usage gait. Respiration rate - The number of to mean stallion. breaths a horse takes in one minute. Vaccinate - To inoculate with a small Usually eight to twelve in a resting, Teasing - The process of exposing dose of vaccine (antigen) in order to mature average horse. the mare to a stallion to observe her stimulate immunity against that estrus behavior and determine when specific disease. Ringbone - A bony growth on either the mare is ready to accept the stallion. or both sides of the pastern. Windpuff - Puffy swelling that Tendons - A fibrous cord or band of occurs on either side of tendons above Roached - A mane that has been cut connective tissue that connects a the fetlock. short. muscle to a bone or other structure. Tetanus - A muscle disease in which Winging - Throwing the hooves Running martingale - A strap with the animal has contracted muscles, outward as they are picked up. rings running from the girth to the can’t swallow and the third eye lid reins that pass through the rings to covers the eye when excited. Caused Worms - A slang term to refer to discourage the horse from rearing or when (Clostridium tetani) enters the internal parasites, such as ascarides, throwing its head too high. body through a puncture wound. small and large strongyles, pin worms, bots. Saddle seat - A style of English riding on specially gaited horses. Level III MARKINGS Face – Colorado 4-H Horse Manual pg 12 Bald face Blaze Snip Star Star & Stripe Star, Stripe & Snip Stripe Legs – Colorado 4-H Horse Manual pg12 Cornet Half stocking Inside heel Outside heel Outside heel white extending Pastern Sock Stocking Madera County Horse Expo 8/06 3 Bits Madera County Horse Expo 8/06 4 Unsoundness Madera County Horse Expo 8/06 5 Unsoundness Definitions in Colorado Horse Manual pg 22. OSSLETS Arthritic condition in which hoof by small pieces of gravel or CORN An inflamed thickening and swelling occurs slightly above or dirt. discoloration of the sole, due to below the ankle joint. rubbing of the shoe on the CURB An enlargement on the rear of the underlying sole. LAMINITIS Founder. Noninfectious cannon bone immediately below inflammation of the sensitive the hock. BOWED Enlarged flexor tendons behind the laminea of one or more of the TENDON cannon bone, due to inflammation. hooves. BUCKED An enlargement on the front of the SHIN cannon bone between the knee and CAPPED An enlargement at the point of the TYING-UP A muscle condition that occurs fetlock joint. HOCK hock. when the horse is over-worked following a period of extended BONE A bony enlargement that appears RINGBONE New bony growth occurring on the rest. SPAVIN on the inside and front of the hind pastern joint or at the coronary POLL-EVIL An inflammation and infection legs below the hock. band. of the poll. SCRATCHES Dermatitis at the back of the HEAVES Pulmonary emphysema. A HERNIAS The protrusions of any internal fetlock joint, most frequently on condition in which the lungs do not organ through the wall of its the hind legs. work efficiently. containing cavity. THRUSH A disease of the frog in which a EPIPHYSITIS Inflammation of the growth plate QUITTOR Deep-seated running sore seen black discharge and foul smell are of the long bones in young horse. at the coronet band. emitted. CONTRACTED Occurs most often in the fore feet, THOROUGH- A soft, fluid-filled enlargement SIDEBONES Calcification the lateral characterized by a drawing or PIN in the hollow of the hock that cartilage immediately above and contracting of the heels. can be pushed through from toward the rear quarter of the hoof side to side. head. SPLINTS Bony growth occurring on the WIND-PUFF Fluid enlargement above inside of the cannon bone, the pastern joint. usually found on the front legs.