ETHICS IN DIPLOMACY p u b l i c d i p l o m a c y m a g a z i n e . c o m CPD Perspectives on Public Diplomacy A series of papers showcasing the latest research and critical thinking on the study and practice of public diplomacy. Download the full archive: http://uscpublicdiplomacy.org/perspectives Power and Public Diplomacy: he Case of the European Union in Brazil By María Luisa Azpíroz erspecti ves on Public Diplomacy Paper 2 , 2015 ETHICS IN DIPLOMACY Letter from the HowEditor should diplomats engage with foreign publics ethically? he twenty-first century seemed to be defying boundaries of In our endeavors to publish a magazine on ethics, our Editorial Team time and space until everything came to a stand-still due to the had the opportunity to reevaluate our own editorial practices this year to rapid spread of COVID-19 this past Spring. Since the outbreak, ensure that Public Diplomacy Magazine was in alignment with the ethics Tthe time spent indoors has created opportunities for us to pause and we were espousing. Inspired by The Journal of Public and International reevaluate the meaning of our lives and role in helping a hurting world. Affairs (JPIA), we created an entirely new Editorial Review Process for Many diplomats have since returned home to work remotely, which this issue that is now both streamlined and transparent. Moving forward, has placed limitations on their ability to engage with foreign audiences we trust this will improve the quality of our publication as a whole. personally. Needless to say, it has been an adjustment for all of us. I would like to thank our wonderful Editorial Board for making this Over the last 10 years, the Public Diplomacy Magazine has served as possible. I would also like to highlight graduates Devin Villacis (Master a resource for students, scholars, and practitioners to gain a deeper of Public Diplomacy, ’20), Managing Editor, who has faithfully served understanding of how governments engage with foreign audiences the magazine for the past four issues, and Valery Zhukova (B.A. Art, to further policy goals, known as public diplomacy. As we enter a new ’20), Creative Director, who has designed our past six issues on a decade for the magazine (and world at large), we hope that Issue voluntary basis. I would also like to thank our wonderful subscribers 23, Spring 2020: Ethics in Diplomacy gives our readers the valuable and contributors. Since June 2019, the number of our online opportunity to reflect on how diplomatic agents should go about doing subscribers has increased by 177% while our digital platform, their work meaningfully and well. www.publicdiplomacymagazine.com, has received nearly 5,000 new visitors from 99 countries! Meaningful and good work begins with an ethical end in mind. Joseph S. Nye, Jr., who recently authored Do Morals Matter?: To carry the magazine to greater heights, I would like to introduce Presidents and Foreign Policy from FDR to Trump (Oxford University Joshua Morris, who will assuming his role as the new Editor-in-Chief Press, 2020), addresses the importance of morality in guiding foreign in June 2020. Joshua is the bright mind behind the theme of this policy despite it being an underrated topic in IR. Without an ethical end- issue, and his enthusiasm for sharing innovative public diplomacy will goal guiding decision-makers, diplomats with honorable intentions may no doubt inspire you in the issues to come! Joshua is currently in the unintentionally stray into murky waters. second year of his Master’s degree in Public Diplomacy at the University of Southern California (USC) and Editorial Intern at the USC Center on How then should diplomats engage with foreign publics ethically? After Public Diplomacy. receiving generous inputs from public diplomacy students, academics, diplomats, and other experts in their fields from around the global, I It has been an honor to guide the Public Diplomacy Magazine the past would like to share the following five principles I found underlying nearly two issues. I have truly enjoyed reading the incredible articles submitted every essay of this issue: by over 50 contributors from around the globe this past year! I am especially thankful to those of you who reached out to me with your 1. Diplomats do not advocate for their own agenda but seek to foster a encouragement and support during this time. spirit of collaboration in everything they do. 2. Diplomats operate in humility and are active listeners, seeking first to I pray that we all emerge from this unprecendented season refreshed, understand before they are understood. reenergized, and renewed. 3. Diplomats do not place great demands on a community without empowering them first. 4. Diplomats recognize when a program has deviated from its original purpose and will put in place measures to realign its outcomes for the benefit of the right audience(s). Blessings, 5. Ultimately, diplomats use their positions of privilege to serve humanity. While diplomats are not perfect, their willingness to go about their work ethically, meaningfully, and well will pave the way towards trust, reaping them the reward of cultivating lasting change and rich, genuine Jasmine A. Kolano Editor-in-Chief, 2019-20 relationships in a foreign community. publicdiplomacymagazine.com SPRING/SUMMER 2020 3 Thank you for participating in #EthicsinDiplomacyPoll We asked: “Which nation has implemented the most ethical public diplomacy initiatives during the outbreak of COVID-19?" Ou r reade rs answ So Source: World Health Or ganization ered: uth 40% Korea 30% 20% 10% 0% U.S. China Israel Japan Unsure Taiwan Turkey Iceland Nordics Croatia Germany Costa Rica Singapore South Korea Switzerland South Africa ETHICS IN DIPLOMACY Thank you for participating in #EthicsinDiplomacyPoll Editorial Board We asked: EDITOR-IN-CHIEF FACULTY ADVISORY BOARD Jasmine Kolano Robert Banks, Co-director, Master of Public “Which nation has Diplomacy Program, USC MANAGING EDITOR implemented the most Devin Villacis Jian (Jay) Wang, Director, USC Center on Public Diplomacy ethical public diplomacy CREATIVE DIRECTOR Valery Zhukova Nicholas J. Cull, Professor of Public initiatives during the Diplomacy, USC PARTNERSHIPS DIRECTOR outbreak of COVID-19?" Charlotte “Yuhong” Ouyang SPECIAL FEATURES DIRECTOR Fatime Uruci Ou STAFF EDITORS r re Barron Omega ad Madeleine Masinsin ers ans Source: World Health Organization we STAFF WRITERS red: Joshua Morris South Lindsay Cai 40% K ore INTERNATIONAL ADVISORY BOARD a Sean Aday, Director, Institute for Public Diplomacy and Global Communication; Associate Professor of Media, Public Affairs, & International Affairs, George Washington University Simon Anholt, Editor Emeritus, Journal of Place Branding & Public Diplomacy Geoffrey Cowan, Professor, Annenberg Family Chair in Communication Leadership, USC 30% Harris Diamond, CEO, McCann Erickson Pamela Falk, Foreign Affairs Analyst & Resident UN Correspondent, CBS News Kathy R. Fitzpatrick, Professor, Professor, School of Communication, American University Eytan Gilboa, Professor of International Communication, Bar-Ilan University Howard Gillman, Provost and Executive Vice Chancellor, University of California, Irvine 20% Guy Golan, Associate Professor of Public Relations/Public Diplomacy, S.I. Newhouse School of Public Communications, Syracuse University Cari Guittard, Principal, Global Engagement Partners; Adjunct Faculty, Hult IBS & USC Annenberg School for Communication & Journalism Markos Kounalakis, President & Publisher Emeritus, Washington Monthly William A. Rugh, U.S. Foreign Service (Ret.) Crocker Snow, Edward R. Murrow Center for Public Diplomacy, Tufts University Nancy Snow, Professor Emeritus, California State University, Fullerton; Pax Mundi Professor of Public Diplomacy, Kyoto University of Foreign 10% Studies; Media and Public Affairs Advisor, Langley Esquire, Tokyo Abiodun Williams, President, Hague Institute for Global Justice Willow Bay, Dean, USC Annenberg School for Communication & Journalism 0% DISCLAIMER: The views and opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views and opin- ions of Public Diplomacy Magazine or USC. U.S. China Israel Japan Unsure Taiwan Turkey Iceland Nordics Croatia Germany Costa Rica Singapore South Korea Switzerland South Africa publicdiplomacymagazine.com SPRING/SUMMER 2020 5 PUBLIC DIPLOMACY MAGAZINE Table of Contents 1 2 WHAT SHOULD ETHICAL WHAT ARE DIPLOMACY LOOK LIKE? IMPORTANT ETHICAL Doing the Right Thing: Aristotle CONSIDERATIONS? for Aspiring Diplomats 09 David Weeks, PhD APU Honors College Should Indiana Jones Eat the Monkey Brain? Iain King CSIS . Toward a More Ethical Approach to 38 Countering Disinformation Online Tweaking the Laughing Track: The 12 J.D. Maddox, Kate Hammerberg, Lauren Protentis, Ethics of Orchestrated Responses and Molly White Global Engagement Center (GEC) 43 Freddy Nager Expert In Residence at USC Annenberg The Japanese Schindler: A Diplomat 17 Who Saved Thousands of Jewish Lives An Ethical Discussion of the Bryce Report Mieko Araki JICA Chubu 46 Tong Guan University of Southern California “Merchants of Misery” No More: A So You Want to Go to Africa? Ethical Media Toolkit for Ethical Storytelling Volunteerism & Public Diplomacy 23 Christopher Scott Carpenter Schwarzman Scholar 48 Brooke Adams Peace Corps South Africa A Toolkit for 21st Century Quick to Listen, Slow to Speak: Public Diplomacy Practitioners Discretion and Public Diplomacy 28 Katie LaMattina University of Southern California 54 Mariana Rosales Aymerich Minister