CENTRAL STATISTICAL OFFICE STATISTICALOFFICE INKATOWICE SustainableSustainable DevelopmentDevelopment IndicatorsIndicators for for Poland Poland Katowice 2011 SYMBOLS – – magnitude zero 0 – magnitude not zero, but less than 0,5 of a unit 0,0 – magnitude not zero, but less than 0,05 of a unit . – data not available or not reliable x – not applicable ”Of which” – indicates that not all elements of the sum are given , – used in figures represents the decimal point MAJOR ABBREVIATIONS thous. = thousand CSO = Central Statistical Office mln = million NTS = Nomenclature of Territorial zl = zloty Units for Statistics g = gram LFS = Labour Force Survey kg = kilogram MNE = Ministry of National Education Gg = gigagram MIA = Ministry of the Interior and t = tonne Administration kWh = kilowatt hour NBP = National Bank of Poland MW = megawatt EU = European Union TJ = terajoule Eurostat = Statistical Office of the kgoe = kilogram oil equivalent European Union dam3 = cubic decametre OECD = Organization for Economic Cooperation and hm3 = cubic hectometre Development ha = hectare UNICEF = United Nations International GDP = gross domestic product Children’s Emergency Fund DMC = domestic material consumption CENTRAL STATISTICAL OFFICE STATISTICAL OFFICE IN KATOWICE Sustainable Development Indicators for Poland ISBN 978-83-89641-05-2 Katowice 2011 Preparation of the publication team of employees of the Statistical Office in Katowice with the co-participation of: Statistical Office in Kraków Statistical Office in Szczecin Analysis and Comprehensive Studies Department of CSO under the management of Edmund Czarski, Ph.D. Cover design and computer typesetting Andrzej Marks Action entitled ”Support the development of indicator sets for monitoring national SD strategies – Developing and implementing a Polish set of SD indicators” Grant Agreement No. 50202.2009.001-2009.382 Please indicate source when publishing data Contents Page I. Introduction ................................................................................................................ 4 II. International initiatives concerning sustainable development .................................. 5 Actions connected with sustainable development in the EU ..................................... 6 Sustainable Development Strategy of the EU ............................................................. 7 System of sustainable development indicators of the EU .......................................... 8 III. Sustainable development in Polish legislation ........................................................... 10 Sustainable development in the Constitution of the Republic of Poland and in legal acts ........................................................................................................... 10 Long-term strategies and programs ............................................................................ 12 Integrated Development Strategies ............................................................................ 14 IV. The concept and criteria of grouping sustainable development indicators ............... 15 The concept of sustainable development indicator ................................................... 15 The selection of indicators and their classification ..................................................... 15 The structure of indicators by domains ...................................................................... 17 V. Sustainable development indicators .......................................................................... 18 Social domain .............................................................................................................. 18 Economic domain ........................................................................................................ 72 Environmental domain ............................................................................................... 112 Institutional-political domain ....................................................................................... 161 Bibliography ........................................................................................................................ 177 List of tables and graphs ..................................................................................................... 182 3 I. Introduction We would like to present the publication ”Sustainable Development Indicators for Poland” showing results of works conducted within the project “Support the Development of Indicator Sets for Monitoring National SD Strategies – Developing and Implementing a Polish Set of SD Indicators” realized according to the agreement concluded between the European Commission and the Central Statistical Office. Basic aim of the project was to elaborate a set of indicators for monitoring sustainable development of the country. Sustainable development of the country, accepted as a Constitutional Principle of the Republic of Poland, has been defined in the Law on Environmental Protection as such a socio-economic development, in which the process of integrating political, economic and social actions occurs, taking into account preservation of the equilibrium of nature and stability of basic natural processes, to guarantee the possibility of fulfilling basic needs of societies or citizens not only of the present generation, but for future generations as well. In Poland there is a lack of separate sustainable development strategy of the nation, nevertheless there are numerous strategic documents defining – in a long-term perspective – socio-economic aims and directions of actions according to the rule of stable and sustainable development, taking into consideration social, economic and ecological cohesion; these aims and directions have become the basis for choosing indicators and monitoring their realization. The set of indicators worked out by authors of the project should become the basis for further works aiming at updating the range of indicators and searching for indicators which would illustrate well the idea of sustainability, particularly under conditions of elaborating new strategic documents. The basic part of the publication is composed of analytic description of indicators enriched with tables and graphs with data starting from 2004. For analytic purposes, data for Poland are presented in comparison with data for the EU and all member countries of the EU. Year 2009 was accepted as a basic year for comparisons with EU member countries. Indicators have been grouped into four domains: social – identifying strategic goals aiming at improvement of the quality of life of the society, economic – identifying strategic aims generating an effective socio-economic development, environmental – presenting conditions and strategic goals of protection and rational shaping of the natural environment and institutional-political – including challenges connected with global partnership and good governance. Within each domain, themes have been separated constituting the reflection of sustainable development aims and priorities. The analytic part of the publication is preceded by a part describing international initiatives connected with sustainable development and with the concept of sustainable development in Polish law, as well as the concept of sustainable development indicator and criteria of their choice and grouping. We would like to express our gratitude to professor Tadeusz Borys for cooperation and support during the realization of the undertaking and his valuable remarks on the stage of preparation of the publication, as well as for the transmission of materials for the chapter concerning theoretical basis of the sustainable development indicator concept and criteria for the choice and grouping. We also would like to thank professor Andrzej Barczak and experts of the Statistical Office of the Czech Republic for valuable recommendations, which influenced the realization of the project and final contents of the publication. We would be grateful for comments and suggestions, which may constitute the basis for further works connected with updating the range of indicators and improving next editions of the publication. 4 Sustainable Development Indicators for Poland II. International initiatives concerning sustainable development Sustainable social and economic development is one of the most important challenges of the modern world. This concept was defined in the most transparent and commonly used way by G. Brutland’s World Commission for Environment and Development founded in 1983. The Commission defines sustainable development as the one in which the needs of the present generation should be met without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. This development relates to environmental, economic and social aspects. The Commission mentioned above contributed to organising the 2nd Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro in 1992 which was the most crucial event for implementing the idea of sustainable development. During the Conference five key documents were enacted i.e. Agenda 21, Rio Declaration on Environment and Development (containing 27 rules and being a kind of the code of human behaviour with respect to natural environment), Framework Convention on Climate Change, Convention on Biodiversity and Forests Declaration. The Agenda 21 as the most important document is the programme of activities to undertake in the 21st century in the field of environment and development. The document underlines the necessary conservation of natural resources and their rational usage