1 GROUP OF EMINENT PERSONS DES BROWNE JAYANTHA DHANAPALA Lord Browne of Ladyton, is a British Labour Party Jayantha Dhanapala served as the United Nations politician and a former Member of Parliament. He Under-Secretary-General for Disarmament Affairs served as the United Kingdom’s Secretary of State from 1998 to 2003. He served as Ambassador of Sri for Defence from 2006 to 2008 and as Secretary of Lanka to the United States of America from 1995 to State for Scotland from 2007 to 2008. A member of 1997 and to the UN Office in Geneva from 1984 to the House of Lords since 2010,he is now the Conve- 1987. He is currently the 11th President of the Nobel nor of the Top Level Group of UK Parliamentarians Peace Prizewinning Pugwash Conferences on Science for Nuclear Disarmament and Non-Proliferation, and and World Affairs, Deputy Chairman of the Gov- the Chair of the Executive Board of the European erning Board of the Stockholm International Peace Leadership Network. Research Institute (SIPRI), and is a member of several other »By common consent, the time has come to move advisory boards of international bodies. from the door being closed to testing nuclear weapons to locking the door so that it can never »Obviously, a world without a CTBT entering into be re-opened. Because all of us believe that a force is a much poorer world and a much less central component of getting to a world free of secure world. Opposing the CTBT because it fails nuclear weapons is stopping their testing.« to deliver complete disarmament is tantamount to opposing speed limits on roads because they fail to prevent accidents GEM completely.«Des Browne Group of Eminent Persons GROUP OF EMINENT PERSONS A Introducing the GEM GROUP OF EMINENT PERSONS It is an honour to introduce the members of the Group of Eminent Persons, GEM, through this booklet. GEM comprises a number of global leaders, senior political figures and high-ranking diplomats from States Signatories. The Group shall support ongoing efforts to achieve the early entry into force of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT). With their wide-ranging expertise and experience, members of GEM will bring fresh impetus to the ongoing dialogue with the eight countries whose ratification is required for the CTBT’s entry into force, namely: China, the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK), Egypt, India, Iran, Israel, Pakistan and the United States. I would like to take this opportunity, on behalf of the Preparatory Commission for the Compre- hensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization (CTBTO), to thank each member for his/her commitment to the noble goals of the Treaty. I am certain that through our collective efforts, we will put an end to nuclear explosions once and for all. Lassina Zerbo EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, CTBTO 2 GROUP OF EMINENT PERSONS NOBUYASU ABE HANS BLIX Nobuyasu Abe served as the United Nations Hans Blix is a diplomat and politician who was the Under-Secretary-General for Disarmament Affairs Swedish Minister for Foreign Affairs from 1978 to from 2003 to 2006. He was the Ambassador of Japan 1979. He subsequently served as the Director Gen- to the International Atomic Energy Agency and other eral of the International Atomic Energy Agency from international organizations in Vienna from 1999 to 1981 to 1997. From 2000 to 2003, Blix was Executive 2001, and Director-General for Arms Control and Chairman of the United Nations Monitoring, Verifica- Science at the Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs tion and Inspection Commission, which investigated from 1997 to 1999. He currently holds the position Iraq’s compliance with its obligation to be rid of its of Director of the Center for the Promotion of Disar- weapons of mass destruction. mament and Non-Proliferation at the Japan Institute of International Affairs. »This is a Treaty that is in operation without being in force. It has not legally entered into force and »I feel strongly that the time has come to base our yet you have an organization that works and that peace and security on new thinking. I believe that is more accomplished in verification than every- we should continue moving forward gradually and thing else we have seen.« practically to build a ‘culture of peace’. The CTBT is an important and appropriate step toward this end.« GROUP OF EMINENT PERSONS 3 PERLA CARVALHO DES BROWNE Perla Carvalho is the Special Adviser for Security, Des Browne, Lord Browne of Ladyton, is a British Disarmament and Non Proliferation Issues at Labour Party politician and a former Member of the Mexican Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA). Parliament. He served as the United Kingdom’s Previously she was the Representative of the MFA Secretary of State for Defence from 2006 to 2008 in the State of Chiapas, Mexico, and Secretary Gen- and as Secretary of State for Scotland from 2007 to eral a.i. of the Agency for the Prohibition of Nuclear 2008. A member of the House of Lords since 2010, Weapons in Latin America and the Caribbean. She he is now the Convenor of the Top Level Group of also served as Ambassador to Uruguay and Diplo- UK Parliamentarians for Nuclear Disarmament and matic Adviser of the Presidency of Mexico, amongst Non-Proliferation, and the Chair of the Executive other positions. While serving as Alternate Repre- Board of the European Leadership Network. sentative at the Conference on Disarmament (1989-1996), Ambassador Carvalho participated in the negotiations for the CTBT. »By common consent, the time has come to move from the door being closed to testing nuclear weapons to locking the door so that it can never »The CTBT regime has an extraordinary potential be re-opened. Because all of us believe that a to contribute to enhancing international stability central component of getting to a world free and must be considered not only as an important of nuclear weapons is stopping their testing.« measure of both horizontal and vertical non-pro- liferation, but, above all, an essential step towards the total elimination of these terrible weapons whose detonations, even through testing, have catastrophic humanitarian consequences.« 4 GROUP OF EMINENT PERSONS JAYANTHA DHANAPALA CRISTIAN DIACONESCU Jayantha Dhanapala served as United Nations Un- Cristian Diaconescu is currently the Chief of Staff der-Secretary-General for Disarmament Affairs from and Adviser to the President of Romania, Traian 1998 to 2003. He served as Ambassador of Sri Lanka Ba˘ sescu. He served as Romania’s Minister of Foreign to the United States of America from 1995 to 1997 Affairs in 2012 and from 2008 to 2009. Diaconescu and to the UN Office at Geneva from 1984 to 1987. sat in the Romanian Senate from 2004 to 2012, He is currently the 11th President of the Nobel Peace serving as Minister of Justice in 2004. Prior to this Prize-winning Pugwash Conferences on Science and he was Secretary of State for Bilateral Affairs at the World Affairs, Deputy Chairman of the Governing Foreign Affairs Ministry. He represented Romania Board of the Stockholm International Peace Research as deputy Head of Mission to the UN and the Institute (SIPRI), and a member of several other Organization for Security and Cooperation in advisory boards of international bodies. Europe in Vienna. »Obviously, a world without a CTBT entering into »The Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty force is a much poorer world and a much less is an essential pillar of the international security secure world. Opposing the CTBT because it fails architecture. In the current international envi- to deliver complete disarmament is tantamount to ronment, its entry into force is more urgent than opposing speed limits on roads because they fail ever before. From this perspective, bringing the to prevent accidents completely.« universalization process to successful completion should remain a high priority objective in the field of nuclear disarmament and non-proliferation.« GROUP OF EMINENT PERSONS 5 SÉRGIO de QUEIROZ DUARTE WOLFGANG HOFFMANN Sérgio De Queiroz Duarte was the UN High Rep- Wolfgang Hoffmann served as the first Executive resentative for Disarmament Affairs from 2007 to Secretary of the Preparatory Commission for the 2012. In 2005, Duarte presided over the Nuclear Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization Non-Proliferation Treaty Review Conference. From from March 1997 until August 2005. Prior to this he 2003 to 2004, he served as Brazil’s Roving Ambassa- was the German Ambassador to the Conference on dor for Disarmament Affairs. Prior to this, from 1999 Disarmament in Geneva from 1993 to 1997, where to 2002, he was his country’s Permanent Representa- negotiations for the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban tive to the UN at Vienna and Chairman of the Inter- Treaty took place between 1994 and 1996. A lawyer national Atomic Energy Agency Board of Governors. by profession, Hoffmann entered the German Duarte also served as Ambassador to Nicaragua, Foreign Service in 1965 where he held different Canada and China. Earlier in his career, he was a positions, especially in the multilateral field. member of the Brazilian delegations in different UN disarmament fora. »The Treaty system is working. The Treaty has overwhelming political and financial support »The CTBT is needed because of the role of worldwide. The eight States missing for entry into nuclear tests in the development and improve- force have to be looked at one by one. They have ment of nuclear weapons. Such tests are also different difficulties, some of a more technical political symbols that have no place in a world and some of a more political nature. We have determined to eliminate these abhorrent weapons to convince them.« of mass destruction.« 6 GROUP OF EMINENT PERSONS JOHN HUTTON IGOR IVANOV John Matthew Patrick Hutton, Lord Hutton of Igor S.