1 ARCHIV MOUGEO no. 116116 AFRICAN URBAN QUARTERLY Special Urban Agriculture in Africa ____ !I iI.1II!J!1 VOLUME 11 NUMBERS2 AND 3 MAYAND AUGUST,1996 Publishedin March 1999 AFRICAN URBANQUARTERLY INTERNATIONALADVISORY EDITORIAL BOARD J. A. Adelamo,University of Lagos, Nigeria MichaelL. McNulty, Universityof Iowa, USA Hycith I. Ajaegbu,University of Jos, Nigeria Arcot Ramachandran, United NationsCentre for Human M. A. Al Hammad,Arab Urban Development Institute, Settlement SaudiArabia Akbar Mohamed, SUNY-Binghampton, USA Guy C. Ankerl,Inter-University Instituteof Geneva, A. C. Mosha, Universityof Botswana, Botswana Switzerland Walter 0. Okomo,SUNY-College of Staten Island, USA Elias H. 0. Ayiemba, Universityof Nairobi,Kenya AnthonyM. O'Connor,University College, London, UK Keith Baird, SUNY-Buffalo, USA Peter 0. Ondiege,University of Nairobi,Kenya SalvinoBusuttil, Universityof Malta, Malta Richard S. Odingo,University of Nairobi, Kenya Mike B. K. Darkoh, KenyattaUniversity, Kenya SimeonH, Ominde, Universityof Nairobi, Kenya AzukaA. Dike, Universityof Nigeria at Nsukka,Nigeria LeonardPlotnicov, Universityof Pittsburgh, USA M.A. Ezz Al-Din, Universityof Kuwait, Kuwait C. M. Rogerson, University of Witwatersrand, RSA Roland Fuchs, United Nations University, Japan Pius 0. Sada, Universityof Lagos, Nigeria Josef Gurgle,The Universityof Connecticut,USA Ademola T. Salau,University of Port Harcourt,Nigeria B. W. Hodder,University of London,UK EdwardW. Soja,UCLA, USA Allen Howard, RutgersUniversity, USA Elliot Skinner,Columbia University, USA B. S. Hoyle, Universityof Southampton, UK Christopher J. Smith, SUNY-Albany, USA George0. Krhoda, Universityof Nairobi, Kenya Richard E. Stren, Universityof Toronto, Canada John P. Lea, Universityof Sydney,Australia D. R. Fraser Taylor, CarletonUniversity, Canada AkinL. Mabogunje,University of Ibadan,Nigeria Peter Treuner, Universityof Stuttgart, Germany Justice N. Mlia, Universityof Malawi, Malawi Peter P. Wailer, GermanDevelopment Institute,Germany AFRICAN URBAN QUARTERLY is an independent, Telephone: 254-02-216574; Telex: 22095 VARSITY interdisciplinaryand internationaljournal published quarterlyin NAIROBI,Cable: VARSITY NAIROBI February, May, August and November. Reprints: Minimumorders of 50 copies are available from the Editorialoffices: AfricanUrban Quarterly Limited, P.O.Box 74165, publisher. Nairobi, Kenya, East Africa. Telephone: +254-2-216574,Telex: 22095VARSITY NAIROBI,Cable: VARSITY NAIROBI. Indexing: Appropriate articlesappearing in AfricanUrban Quarterly areabstracted or indexed in: UN Selected Publisher: African Urban P.O. Box monthlyBibliography of Quarterly Limited, 74165, International East Africa. Telex: Articles; Development Abstract; Sociological Nairobi, Kenya, Telephone: +254-2-216574, Social Social and Social 22095 VARSITY NAIROBI,Cable: VARSITY NAIROBI. 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Special rates for students in full-time education are availableon © Copyright 1996by AfricanUrban Quarterly Limited. request. ISSN 0747-6108 Airmailpostage: add US$ 40.00 Surfacemail US$ 20.00 The whole ofmaterials appearing in this periodicalis copyrighted All payments must be made in US dollars and cheques are made and may not be reproduced in whole or in part without the payableto African Urban QuarterlyLimited. permission of the.Editor and Publisher,African Urban Quarterly Limited. P.O. Box 74165, Nairobi, EastAfrica. Telephone: and Orders: Kenya, SubscriptionInquiries +254-2-216574, Telex: 22095 VARSITY NAIROBI, Cable: African Urban QuarterlyLimited, P.O. Box 74165, VARSITY NAIROBI. Nairobi,Kenya, EastAfrica. /1 (f!, IDRC B AFRICAN URBAN QUARTERLY Editor R. A. OBUDHO, Universityof Nairobi,Kenya Associate Editors MICHAELCOQUERY, Universitéde Paris VII, France SALAHEL-SHAKHS, RutgersUniversity, USA ALAN FRISHMAN, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, USA J. B. OJWANG, Universityof Nairobi, Kenya HARRY W. RICHARDSON, Universityof SouthernCalifornia, USA PAUL SYAGGA, Universityof Nairobi,Kenya AFRICAN URBAN QUARTERLYLIMITED, P.O. Box 51336, Nairobi, Kenya, East Africa. Telephone: +254-2-216574;Cable: VARSITY Nairobi; Telex:22095 VARSITYNairobi and Fax: +254-2-336885 C f 0 // C7 AFRICAN URBAN QUARTERLY Volume 11 Numbers 2 and 3, May and August, 1996 CONTENTS ARTICLES • Introduction:An ImprovingDomestic and International Environment for African UrbanAgriculture Luc J.A. Mougeot 137 • Urban Agricultureand the African Urban Food SupplySystem Annu Ratta andJoe Nasr 154 • How Do the Urban Poor Stay Alive? Food Provisionin a Squatter Settlement of Bissau,Guinea-Bissau Ilda Lourenco-Linde!! 163 • Urban Agriculture,Food Security and Nutritionin Low Income Areas of the City of Nairobi, Kenya Alice Mboganie-Mwangi and Dick Foeken 170 • Urban Agriculturein Africa:A Comparative Analysis of Findingsfrom Zimbabwe, Kenya and Zambia Da#ie! S. Tevera 181 • Urban Food Producers' Decision-Making: ACase Study of Kibera, City of Nairobi, Kenya Pascale Dennery 189 • The Beautiful City: Gardensin Third World Cities Mary Cockramand Shelley Feldman 202 • Open Space Cultivationin Zimbabwe: ACas Study of Greater Harare,Zimbabwe DavisonJ. Gumbo and Takawira W Ndiripo 210 • AnimalFarming in African Cities Ann Waters-Bayer 218 • Urban Microfarmingin Central Southern Africa:A Case Study of Lusaka,Zambia A.WDrescher 229 • Epurationet réutilisationdes eaux usées domestiques en maraIchage pdriurbain a Dakar, Séndgal Seydou Niang 250 • Farming in the City: From Analysis to Action Julie van derBliek andAnn Waters-Bayer 259 • Farmingin the City of Kampala: Issues for UrbanManagement Gertrude Atukunda and Daniel Maxwell 264 BOOK REVIEWS • UNDP, UrbanAgriculture. Food, Jobs and SustainableCities Beacon Mbiba, Urban Agriculturein Zimbabwe. Implications for Urban Managementand Poverty Dick Foeken 277 • Alice M. Mwangi,The Role of UrbanAgriculture for Food Security in Low Income Areas of Nairobi Dan Maxwell 279 • Carlos Lopes, Enough is Enough: For anAlternative Diagnosis of the AfricanCrisis Samuel0. Akatch 281 • FAO, Supplyof LivestockProducts to Rapidly Expanding Urban Populations G. E. Otiang 'a-Owiti 283 111 ISSN 0237 - 3539 THE BANGLADESH JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS Volume XIX June and December 1996 Numbers 1 & 2 Article Effectof Educationon Technology Adoption andAggregate Crop Output in Bangladesh—UttamKumar Dev and Mahahub Hossain TechnicalChange and Elasticity ofFactor Demand in Rice Production inBangladesh—M. Kamuruzzaman, Md. Ferdous Alam and Jovnal Abedin Changing Cropping Pattern in Bangladesh from 1971—75through 1991—93: Implications on Crop Sector Growth— Shamsul Alam andMd. JavnalAbedein A Region-Wise Analysis of Supply Responseof Cotton Crops in Punjab—AnjuSharma and K. S. Dhindsa Research Note Adoption of Improved Practices by Potato Farmers—M.M. Huque, M. H. Rashid andM. L. Rahman Economics ofJapanese Quail Farming in Dhaka MetropolitanCity—S. A. Siddique and M. A. S. Mandal Yield, Price and Income Instabilityof Different Crops in Jessore Dis.trict—M. S. Alam, S. M. Elias and S. M. M. Murshed Demand for Fertilizer in Bangladesh.A Note—P. C. Modak and B. K, Barmon Comparative Progress ofDevelopment During Pre and Post Liberation Period in Bangladesh Tea Industry—M. S. Gazi andf. KSaba Editorialcorrespondence should beaddressed to theExecutive Editor,The BangladeshJournal of Agricultural Economics, BangladeshAgricultural University,Mymensingh, Bangladesh. Subscription orders and business correspondence should beaddressed to the DeputyDirector, Bureau ofSocioeconomic Research and Training, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Myrnensingh- 2202, Bangladesh.Telephone: 09 1-55695to 97 Ext. 2300 The Half Yearly Journal of THE BUREAU OF SOCIOECONOMIC RESEARCH AND TRAINING BANGLADESHAGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY MYMENSINGH African Urban Quarterly, 1996: 11(2 and 3) pp. 137—152 ©1996 by African Urban QuarterlyLtd. INTRODUCTION: AN IMPROVING DOMESTIC AND INTERNATIONALENVIRONMENT FOR AFRICAN URBANAGRICULTURE Luc J.A. Mougeot CitiesFeeding PeopleProgram Initiative,International Development ResearchCentre, P.O. Box 8506, Ottawa, Canada KIG 3H9 Abstract Accepted May, 1996 The introduction submits a definition of the cotzcept of urban agriculture, reviews some persisting myths and positions contemporarypractices in ahistorical perspective.The sequence ofcontributions to this issueis discussed, withafirst group documenting the roleof urban agriculture within the urbanfood supply system andwithin urbanpoor's provisioning strategies as well as the impact ofself-consumption onproducer households 'foodsecurity. A secondand more importantgroup illustrates emerging trends which shouldfacilitate the growing incorporationof urban agriculture into African urban management, over the next