CORSIA SUPPORTING DOCUMENT CORSIA Eligible Fuels – Life Cycle Assessment Methodology June 2019 CORSIA supporting document — Life cycle assessment methodology This CORSIA supporting document provides technical information and describe ICAO processes to manage and maintain the ICAO document “CORSIA Default Life Cycle Emissions Values for CORSIA Eligible Fuels”, which is referenced in Annex 16 — Environmental Protection, Volume IV — Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation (CORSIA), Part II, Paragraph 3.3.2. - 2 - CORSIA supporting document — Life cycle assessment methodology CORSIA SUPPORTING DOCUMENT CORSIA ELIGIBLE FUELS – LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY TABLE OF CONTENTS PART I – ADDING NEW DEFAULT VALUES…………………………………………… - 7 - PART II – CALCULATION OF DEFAULT CORE LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT (LCA) VALUES……………………………………………………………………..………………… - 9 – CHAPTER 1. Core life cycle assessment methodology ...................................................... - 10 - 1.1 Purpose ..................................................................................................................... - 10 - 1.2 Background ............................................................................................................... - 10 - 1.2.1 Eligible fuels under CORSIA ........................................................................... - 10 - 1.2.2 SAF conversion technologies ........................................................................... - 10 - 1.3 LCA general approach .............................................................................................. - 10 - 1.4 Attributional approach for core LCA calculations ................................................... - 11 - 1.4.1 System boundary .............................................................................................. - 11 - 1.4.2 Emissions species of interest and functional units ........................................... - 12 - 1.4.3 Co-product allocation methodology ................................................................. - 12 - 1.4.4 Data quality ...................................................................................................... - 12 - 1.4.5 Intended use & aviation fuel baseline............................................................... - 12 - 1.4.6 Mid-point value definition procedure ............................................................... - 12 - 1.4.7 List of the pathways and feedstock analyzed ................................................... - 12 - CHAPTER 2. Fischer-Tropsch pathways ............................................................................ - 14 - 2.1 Pathway description .................................................................................................. - 14 - 2.2 Agricultural residues FT – [R] .................................................................................. - 14 - 2.3 Forestry residues FT – [R] ........................................................................................ - 15 - 2.4 Short rotation woody crops FT – [M] ....................................................................... - 16 - 2.5 Herbaceous lignocellulosic energy crops FT – [M] .................................................. - 17 - 2.6 FT Municipal solid waste – [W] ............................................................................... - 17 - CHAPTER 3. Hydroprocessed esters and fatty acids pathways .......................................... - 19 - 3.1 Pathway description .................................................................................................. - 19 - 3.2 Tallow HEFA – [B] .................................................................................................. - 20 - 3.3 Used Cooking Oil HEFA – [W] ............................................................................... - 20 - 3.4 Palm Fatty Acid Distillate HEFA – [B] .................................................................... - 21 - - 3 - CORSIA supporting document — Life cycle assessment methodology 3.5 Corn oil HEFA – [B] ................................................................................................ - 22 - 3.6 Oil crops HEFA – [M] .............................................................................................. - 23 - 3.7 Palm oil HEFA – [M] ............................................................................................... - 25 - 3.8 Brassica carinata HEFA – [M] ................................................................................. - 26 - CHAPTER 4. Synthesized iso-paraffins pathways .............................................................. - 28 - 4.1 Pathway description .................................................................................................. - 28 - 4.2 SIP Sugarcane – [M] ................................................................................................. - 28 - 4.3 SIP Sugarbeet – [M] ................................................................................................. - 30 - CHAPTER 5. Alcohol-to-jet pathways ................................................................................ - 32 - 5.1 Pathway description .................................................................................................. - 32 - 5.2 Sugarcane iso-butanol ATJ – [M] ............................................................................. - 32 - 5.3 Agricultural residues Iso-butanol ATJ – [R] ............................................................ - 34 - 5.4 Forestry residues iso-butanol ATJ – [R] ................................................................... - 35 - 5.5 Corn grain iso-butanol ATJ – [M] ............................................................................ - 35 - 5.6 Herbaceous energy crops iso-butanol ATJ – [M] ..................................................... - 36 - 5.7 Molasses iso-butanol ATJ – [C] ............................................................................... - 37 - 5.7.1 Fermentation of all sugars -JRC ....................................................................... - 37 - 5.7.2 Sugar separation for sale as food product - MIT .............................................. - 38 - 5.8 Sugarcane ethanol ATJ – [M] ................................................................................... - 39 - 5.9 Corn grain ethanol ATJ – [M] .................................................................................. - 41 - CHAPTER 6. Summary of default core LCA values ........................................................... - 42 - References ................................................................................................................................. - 43 - Appendix ................................................................................................................................... - 48 - PART III – CALCULATION OF INDUCED LAND USE CHANGE VALUES ……… -67 – CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................ - 68 - CHAPTER 2. SUSTAINABLE AVIATION FUEL PATHWAYS AND SHOCK SIZES . - 70 - 2.1 SAF pathways ........................................................................................................... - 70 - 2.2 Shock size development ........................................................................................... - 71 - 2.3 ILUC emission intensity ........................................................................................... - 74 - CHAPTER 3. GTAP-BIO and GLOBIOM .......................................................................... - 76 - 3.1 Data and modeling framework ................................................................................. - 76 - 3.2 Emission accounting ................................................................................................. - 79 - 3.3 Model information sources ....................................................................................... - 80 - CHAPTER 4. DATA UPDATES AND MODEL MODIFICATIONS ............................... - 82 - 4.1 Model and data reconciliation .................................................................................. - 82 - - 4 - CORSIA supporting document — Life cycle assessment methodology 4.2 Modifications and updates made in GTAP-BIO and AEZ-EF ................................. - 85 - 4.2.1 Introduce SAF pathways into GTAP-BIO........................................................ - 85 - 4.2.2 Introducing cellulosic crops into AEZ-EF ........................................................ - 87 - 4.2.3 Palm related responses and emission factors .................................................... - 88 - 4.2.4 Including emissions from converting unused cropland .................................... - 90 - 4.3 Modifications and updates in GLOBIOM ................................................................ - 90 - 4.3.1 Revision of palm plantation expansion emissions ............................................ - 90 - 4.3.2 Foregone sequestration accounting .................................................................. - 91 - 4.3.3 Crop specific soil organic carbon impacts ........................................................ - 92 - 4.3.4 Biomass carbon stock in cellulosic crops ......................................................... - 92 - 4.3.5 Land use change in Brazil ................................................................................ - 93 - 4.3.6 Harvested wood products ................................................................................