DIRECTORAT N RAL F Fl H Rl IN COOPERATION WITH FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF TH UNITED NATIONS WORKSHOP ON STRENGTHENING MARINE RESOURCE MANAGEMENT IN INDONESIA JAKARTA 23 APRIL 1996 TCP/INS/4553 1111 a a g a a II 11a11 all II II a Bllll I II II 11111111a a II 11 II II II II 1111 a a a a a II B a II 1111 a a a a II a Jllll II g II II II a a alii II I a IIIII I II 11118 a f 111111 a alii a11 II II l a a II 018 II II II II II 01 II II II a a II 8 II II II II II a II II 1111 II II a II II a II II a a II a B B Bll II II II II II a B a II II II II II a II I I a II a a I 1111 B II a a 1111 II II II II II II II II II I II II I I II II B II a a II B II WORKSHOP PRESENTATION PAPER NUMBER 3 DEVELOPMENT OF SMALL-SCALE FISHERIES IN MERAUKE TAN CHENG KIAT II II II II II II II II II a II II II II •• B II all a B I II II BIll II II a II a B B II II II II II I 1111 II a a II a II a aU II II all a II II II II II II Ill a II II B 81111111111 a II II II II Jll II Bll II 1111 a a B a II II II II II II II II II. a II all II 111111 II II II 11111111 a 81111 IIIII B II 1111 a II I II II 1111 Bll II IIIII II II a a1111 a II a a a a II II II a •• II a II II II BBIIallll II II II a 81111 II all B B II a II a II II TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. BACKGROUND ................................................................................................................. 1 1.1. Location .................................................................................................................... 1 1.2. Status of Fisheries ................................................................................................... 1 1.3. Fishery Resources ................................................................................................... 1 1 .4. Production ................................................................................................................ 1 1.5. Fishing Fleet ............................................................................................................ 2 1 .6. Fishing Gear ............................................................................................................ 2 1.7. Post Harvest ............................................................................................................ 3 1.8. Marketing ................................................................................................................. 3 1.9. Infrastructure Facilities ............................................................................................ 4 1 .1 0. Human Resources/Fishermen .............................................................................. .4 2. ISSUES & CONSTRAINTS ................................................................................................ 5 2.1. Issues ........................................................................................................................... 5 2.2. Constraints ................................................................................................................... 5 2.2.1. Infrastructure ...................................................................................................... 5 2.2.2. Marketing ............................................................................................................ 5 2.2.3. Post Harvest ......................................................................................................6 2.2.4. Fishing Vessels .................................................................................................. 6 2.2.5. Human Resources ............................................................................................ 6 3. CONCEPTUAL DEVELOPMENT APPROACH ............................................................. 7 3.1. Potential Project at Merauke ....................................................................................... 7 3.1.1. Infrastructure Requirements .............................................................................. 8 3.1.1.1. Secondary Landing Centre ....................................................................... 8 3.1.1.2. Main centre ................................................................................................. 9 3.1.2. Marketing ........................................................................................................... 10 3.1.3. Post Harvest .................................................................................................... 11 3.1.4. Fishing Vessel ................................................................................................. 12 3.1.5. Human Resources Development.. ................................................................. 12 4. RECOMMENDATIONS ................................................................................................... 13 REFERENCES ...................................................................................................................... 14 1 1. BACKGROUND 1.1. Location The District of Merauke is located in the south eastern corner of Irian Jaya, bordering Papua New Guinea (Figures 1). It is the largest district of Irian Jaya constituting 29% of the Province in terms of area. Merauke has a coastline of 1,050 km. Fronting this coast­ line is the productive Arafura Sea. The size of the Indonesian territorial and EEZ waters in the Arafura Sea is 75,000 km.sq. 1.2. Status of Fisheries The fisheries in Merauke can be classified into two broad categories namely small-scale and industrial fisheries. It is however dominated by the small-scale sub-sector. The small-scale fisheries is characterized by the existence of a large number of small fishing villages scattered along the coastline with poor accessibility and facilities. In the case of Merauke, there are some 200 such fishing villages in the district. A fairly large number of fishing vessels are used but they are mainly dugout canoes and plank-built sampans, the majority of which are non-powered. The fishing gears employed are mainly traditional ones for fishing in the nearby estuarine and coastal areas. Productivity is generally low and access to market poor. As such, the small-scale fishing communities are generally under developed. On the other hand, there is the fairly well organized and often self sustaining industrial sub-sector spearheaded by fishing companies. There are four such fishing companies operating in Merauke namely PT Djarma Aru, PT Timika, PT Pelagis and PT lstana. They operate a fleet of large vessels ranging from 30 - 200 GT employing trawl and gill nets aimed at the demersal resources. 1.3. Fishery Resources Merauke District has an extensive mangrove forest fringing its coastline. The mangrove eco-system is still in a relatively undisturbed condition harbouring productive fishery resources such as shrimps, mangrove crabs and some important fish species notably sea perch, and milk fish. There are also indications that the shallow territorial and internal waters of the coast of Merauke are rich in demersal resources. Results of a limited survey (Badrudin and Rusmadji, 1988) showed very high catch rates (7.3 tonnes/km.sq) for trawling in coastal areas. When these preliminary indications are extrapolated to the entire territorial and internal waters, a large biomass is suggested. This presents considerable fishery development possibilities, especially for the small-scale fisheries. 1.4. Production The fish landings recorded by the Merauke District Fisheries Service are mainly from the small-scale fisheries and the local industrial fleet. It can be seen from the statistics collected that the fisheries production has increased signtficantly from 12,950 tonnes in 1990 to 44,600 tonnes in 1994. The main species of catch are sea perch, sharks, cat fish, 2 pomfrets, milk fish, chub mackerel, mullet, threadfin and ray (Table 1). The rapid increase is mainly due to the operation of the industrial fleet. Table 1.: Production of Fish by Species/Groups in Merauke 1993-1994 in tonnes No. Species/Groups 1993 1994 1 Kakap (Sea Perch) 3,908.30 4,321.90 2 Bandeng (Milk Fish) 2,705.60 3,029.80 3 Belanak (Mullet) 1,937.10 2,168.70 4 Bawal (Pomfret) 2 356.20 3,500.10 5 Cucut (Shark) 3,150.30 4,666.20 6 Tenggiri (Mackerel) 998.10 1,117.20 7 UdangjShrimps) 1,250.80 1,281.20 8 Cumi-cumi (Squids) 18.30 0.00 9 Kepiting (Mangrove crab) 11.60 15.80 10 TalangjQueen Fish) 1,237.30 1,556.20 11 Man_yun_g (Marine catfish) 2,013.70 3,781.40 12 Kuro (Threadfin) 1 978.20 2,016.70 13 Pari (Rays) 746.60 2,514.10 14 Layar (Flying fish) 1 '127.40 1,665.30 15 Kembung (Chub mackerel) 2,391.50 3,019.40 16 lkan Mas (Common carp) 25.70 46.30 17 Mujair (Tilapia mosambica) 224.80 250.80 18 Nila (Tilapia nilotica) 128.10 139.30 19 Lele (Freshwater catfish) 1,027.40 1,727.10 20 Others 2.30 4.10 T o t a I 27 239.30 36,821.60 Source : Dinas Perikanan Tk.ll Merauke. 1.5. Fishing Fleet In 1994, a total of 1 ,805 fishing vessels was recorded comprising 1 ,402 non-powered, 97 outboard and 306 inboard engine vessels. Generally the small non-powered and outboard engine vessel are used by the small-scale fishermen. On the other hand, the larger and better equipped inboard engine vessels are employed by the industrial establishments. PT Djanna Aru has a fleet of 60 gill netters, PT lstana 28 trawlers, PT Timika 25 trawlers and PT Pelagis 11 trawlers. 1.6. Fishing Gear A total of 7,000 units of fishing gear was operated in 1994. However, the majority of the fishing gears are traditional ones like the beach seine, gill net, hand line, castnet and traps. Trawl nets are also employed