J. Asia-Pacific Entomol. 9(3): l89~202 (2006) www.entomology.or.kr Review of the Genus Myrmica in Korea (Hvmenptera: Formicidae) Dong-Pyeo Lyu* Department of Forestry, Sangji University, Wonju-shi, Gangwon-do 220-702, Korea Abstract The paper contains a taxonomic review of Systematics 12 species of the genus Myrmica occurring in Korea. The following species are under discussion: M an­ gulinodis Ruzsky, M carinata Kupyanskaya, M hyungokae Elmes, M jessensis Forel, M kasczenkoi Genus Myrmica Latreille, 1804 Ruzsky, M kotokui Forel, M koreana Elmes, M kurokii Forel, M lobicornis Nylander, M ruginodis Myrmica Latreille, 1804, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat. 24: Nylander, M silvestrii Wheeler, M sulcinodis Nylan­ 179. Type species: Formica rubra Linnaeus, 1758: der. Twelve species of the genus Myrmica are re­ 580. cognized from Korea, these are revised and a key Sifolinia Emery, 1907, Rend. Sess. R. Accad. Sci. 1st. to their identification is provided. Five species, M Bologna 11: 49. Type species: Sifolinia laurae cadusa, M incurvata, M saphoshikovi, M. scabri­ Emery, 1907: 49. nodis, and M yoshiokai are questionable to be dis­ Sommimyrma Menozzi, 1925, Atti. Soc. Nat. Mat. tributed in Korea, as I have not found any specimens Modena 55: 25. Type species: Sommimyrma sym­ preserved in Korea. The SEM photo and illustrations biotica Menozzi, 1925: 25. of the worker of each species are provided. Sybiomyrma Arnol'di, 1930, Zoo!' Anz. 91: 267. Type species: Sybiomyrma karavajevi Arnol'di, 1930: Key words Myrmicinae, M carinata, M kurokii, M 267. koreana, M sulcinodis Paramyrmica Cole, 1957, 1. Tenn. Acad. Sci. 32: 37. Type species: Paramyrmica colax Cole, 1957: 37. Dodcecamyrmica Arnol'di, 1968, Zoo!' Zh. 47: 1803. Type species: Myrmica arnoldii Dlussky, 1963: Introduction 194. Genus Myrmica species are largely predaceous, how­ Womer diagnosis. Worker caste monomorphic. ever, in several species a certain degree of tropho­ Body with cuticle thick and with an armoured appea­ biosis with aphids, including subterranean forms, was rance; usually cuticle strongly sculptured. Head al­ observed when blossoms or other nectar producing most oval in frontal view, with narrow transverse plant organs are visited. The main fields of action posterior border; occipital carinae low. Mandibles bro­ are the ground surface and the top of litter layer but adly subtriangular and strongly dentate, with 7-10 a number of species will forage additionally in the teeth which gradually decrease in size from apex to field and lower bush layers. The colonies are not base. Palp formula 6:4. Frons broad posteriorly, bro­ populous in most of the species, containing few hund­ adly inserted between anterior portions of frontal lobes. red to 1,000 (rarely 10,000) workers (Seifert, 1988). Frons with longitudinal rugulae interrupted by pos­ Accepting the redefinition of the genus by Bolton terior border of frons and not continuous with rugulae (1988), the pectinate tibial spurs on the middle and of rest of head; Median portion of frons broad and hind legs become less important as a diagnostic cha­ shallowly biconvex, with a somewhat swollen appea­ racter of the genus because they show a graded se­ rance. Anterolateral portions in front of antennal quence of reduction from well pectinate to simple insertions sometimes forming ridge or carina. Well spinous condition or even absent. This genus contains defined frontal triangle present immediately behind about 200 species in the world. posteromedian clypeal margin. Frontal lobes often prominent. Frontal carinae and antennal scrobes absent. *Corresponding author. Frontal carinae short, covering antenna I insertions, E-mail: [email protected] Tel: +82-33-730-0526; Fax: +82-33-738-7680 and diverging at level of compound eyes. Antennae l2-segmented; scape usually curved or bent at base; (Received April 21, 2006; Accepted June 23, 2006) 190 1. Asia-Pacific Entomol. Vol. 9 (2006) funiculus enlarged apical forming an indistinct 3 or workers. 4-segment club; last 3 segments shorter than remain­ 1. Antennal scrobes present .. der of funiculus. Compound eyes prominent, convex; ..................................... carinata Kupyanskaya located on side at or slightly anterior to midlength Antennal scrobes absent 2 of head (excluding mandibles). Alitrunk elongate and 2. Antennal scape curved weakly and gradually, low; promesonotal suture indistinct dorsally; prome­ without angle at base 3 sonotal region slightly raised; metanotal groove more Antennal scape more curved, either without or less distinct; propodeum with a pair of long spines angle at base or angulated, with vertical tooth posterodorsally. Propodeal spiracle low on side Gust or lobe 4 above or near junction with metapleuron), usually 3. Dorsum of alitrunk sculptured with strong rugae, slightly behind propodeal midlength. Metapleural lobes many of which are longitudinal; posterior border present and usually broadly angular. Petiole with a of mesonotal dorsum raised rugae .. short anterior peduncle and an anteroventral tooth or .................................................... kotokui Forel process. Tibial spurs on mid and hind legs usually Dorsum of alitrunk sculptured with densely ru­ pectinate but showing all stages of reduction to absent. gulose; mesopropodeal depression weak, petiole Sting strong and simple, never spatulate and always without anterior cylindrical part and massive lacking appendages. .. kurokii Forel Queen: General form of head like that of worker, 4. Propodeal spines relatively short, shorter basal with larger compound eyes and distinct ocelli. Pro­ plate of propodeum and equal to distance be- notum overhung by mesoscutum; mesonotum some­ tween basal spines· 5 what flat dorsally; notauli absent, parapsidal furrows Propodeal spines long, longer basal plate of present on mesonotum; mesoscutellum partly over­ propodeum than distance between their bases hanging metanotum; propodeal spines well developed ........................................................··············11 as in worker. Epimeral lobe absent. Remainder of 5. Petiole on sides with coarse rugulose as on body, including legs, petiole, postpetiole and gaster alitrunk, anterior surface steep, with apical area like those of worker. forming rectangle .......... · sulcinodis Nylander Male: Head subglobose, with low but distinct occi­ Petiole with granulose sculpturation and dull pital carina. Mandibles developed, subtriangular in rugulose, less coarse than on dorsum of alitrunk, form, with dentate masticatory margin. Palp formula anterior surface forming obtuse angle with apical 5:3. Frons large, convex in the middle; anterior margin area ···········6 rounded; posterior margin produced between frontal 6. Petiole in lateral view not angulated, anterior carinae. Frontal carinae short, partly covering antennal surface slightly concave and transient into upper insertions situated close to posterior margin of frons. surface at blunt angle; apical area not distinct, Frontal area distinct and triangular in form; concave convex, and weakly slanted posteriorly····· 7 between frontal carinae and median posterior border Antennal scape sharply curved, with angle or of frons. Antenna 13-segmented; scape usually long, acute edge on vertical part; petiole with strongly extending beyond posterior border of head; funiculus posteriorly slanted area, and sharply angulated thick, incrassate. Compound eyes large and prominent; in lateral view · 8 inner margin not concave. Pronotum smaller, over­ 7. Petiole in lateral view sharply angulated; straight hung by mesoscutum; both notauli and parapsidal longitudinal rugules on head developed mainly furrows distinctly impressed; mesonotum flat dor­ on frons; occiput looplike sculpturation predo- sally; mesoscutellum overhanging metanotum; pro­ minant saphoshikovi Ruzsky podeum without long spines, but with angulated pos­ Petiole sharply angulated, anterior surface for­ terodorsal comers. Epimeral lobe absent. Ventral pro­ ming acute with distinct, strongly posteriorly cesses reduced to small tooth on both meso and slanted apical area; propodeal spines widened metastema. Legs as in worker, but pectination of tibial near base, directed upward often curved inward spurs more distinct. Petiole and postpetiole large and ......................................... angtdinodis Ruzsky distinct with rounded nodes. Genitalia retractile; basal 8. Petiole with straight anterior surface, apical area ring broader than long; paramere with distinct gono­ strongly slanted posteriorly making node in la- coxal arm and rounded apex; inner wall of paramere teral view subtriangle · · ·.. bearing distinct oblique ridge ventrolaterally; volsella .................................... incurvata Collingwood with large lobate digitus and small lamellate cuspis; Petiole of different shape ..·..·..·..........·......·.. 9 aedeagal plate subtriangular with rounded apex in 9. Frons narrow; petiole with shorter anterior lateral view. cylindrical part, anterior surface steep, concave, and forming with dorsal surface sharp, acute Key to species of Myrmica in Korea, based on angle; apical area distinct, slightly slanted pos- Genus Myrmica in Korea 191 teriorly lobicornis Nylander spurs large··················································· 14 Frons wider, shape of petiole different; antennal 14. The petiole relatively short and high, with a very scape with tooth or small lobe 10 short and thick peduncle; in lateral view, the 10. Petiole high, anterior surface not steep, concave, petiolar node distinctly truncate,