Technical Assistance Consultant’s Report Project Number: 37290 September 2007 Kingdom of Cambodia: Community Self-Reliance and Flood Risk Reduction (Financed by the Poverty Reduction Cooperation Fund) Prepared by Asian Disaster Preparedness Center Bangkok, Thailand For Ministry of Water Resources and Meteorology This consultant’s report does not necessarily reflect the views of ADB or the Government concerned, and ADB and the Government cannot be held liable for its contents. Table of Contents A Background of the TA………………………………………………………………………...03 B Executive Summary of significant activities under the project……………………....05 C Details for each activity under the two phases of the TA………………………………08 1. Designing the community participation model…………………………………………09 1.1 Understanding NGO interventions in Flood Risk Reduction 1.1.1 Description of NGO projects in Cambodia 1.1. 2 NGO projects on flood risk reduction in 4 TA target provinces 1.1. 3 NGO approaches to flood risk reduction 1.1.4 Typical constraints to effectiveness of NGO interventions 1.2 Developing a simple GIS……………………………………………………………………21 1.2.1 Development of a Flood Vulnerability GIS Application 1.2.2 Flood vulnerability GIS – Atlas Interpretation Guide 1.2.3 GIS Maps for ready reference 1.3 Undertaking a brief survey within target provinces for identifying key community needs in flood and drought risk reduction………………………………………………………26 1.4 Identification of target areas and prioritizing areas for future interventions……..27 1.5 Selecting NGOs for undertaking pilot community based flood risk reduction action in the target areas identified………………………………………………………………………28 1.6 Developing a Community Based Disaster Risk Reduction (CBDRR) Strategy……29 1.7 Workshop on CBDRR Strategy…………………………………………………………….33 1.7.1 Consultative workshop on CBDRR Strategy 1.7.2 6th Meeting of the Cambodia Disaster Risk Reduction Forum 2. Implementation of TA project interventions…………………………………………..37 2.1 Developing a training program for NGOs to undertake pilot implementation of flood risk reduction programs based on the CBDRR Strategy………………………………….37 2.2 Training of selected NGOs in undertaking pilot activities…………………………..37 2.3 Implementation of Pilot activities by NGOs……………………………………………38 2.3.1 Community Based Disaster Risk Reduction Project implemented by Church World Service (CWS) 2.3.2 Community Based Flood Risk Reduction implemented by Chamroen Chiet Khmer (CCK) 2.3.3 Project Monitoring 2.3.4 Initiatives for sustainability of the Project 2.3.5 Challenges 2.4 National Workshop on Community Self Reliance and Flood Risk Reduction…...46 ADB TA 4574-CAM: Final Report, September 2007 Annexure 1. Minutes of tripartite meetings under ADB TA -4574-cam 2. List of agencies contacted during visits to NGO projects 3. List of villages with NGO projects on flood risk reduction 4. Research questions for field survey 5. Summary report of community needs identified in community survey, Prey Veng province 6. Village report for Rokakonsat village, Boeng daol commune, Preah sdach district, Prey veng province 7. List of vulnerable communes as identified by the GIS maps developed under the TA 8. Request for proposals and terms of reference for pilot project implementation 9. Recommendation for selection of NGOs for TA pilot project implementation 10. Agreement Church World Service (CWS) 11. Agreement Chamroen Chiet Khmer (CCK) 12. Summary report of the national consultative workshop on the strategy for community based disaster risk reduction in Cambodia 13. Agenda and list of participants for 6th meeting of the Cambodian disaster risk reduction forum (CDRR) 14. Summary report of training on Community based disaster risk reduction strategy 15. 2nd National workshop, ADB TA 4574 CAM Asian Disaster Preparedness Center 2 ADB TA 4574-CAM: Final Report, September 2007 A Background of the TA The Asian Disaster Preparedness Center (ADPC), with funding from the Asian Development Bank (ADB), has implemented this advisory technical assistance (TA) to Cambodia on Community Self-Reliance and Flood Risk Reduction (TA 4574-CAM). Ministry of Water Resources and Meteorology (MoWRAM) of the Royal Government of Cambodia (RGC) has been the TA Executing Agency. The objective of the TA is to enhance community participation in disaster risk reduction in rural communities in Cambodia (addressing both floods and droughts). The outputs of the TA is expected to provide strategic guidance on improving participatory flood and drought risk management for targeted vulnerable communities in the lower Mekong River Basin provinces of Cambodia. TA 4574-CAM has been financed under the Poverty Reduction Cooperation Fund (PRF). The project area comprised the flood and drought affected districts of Kandal, Prey Veng, Svay Rieng, and Takeo provinces. The primary purpose of the TA is to provide MOWRAM and its Provincial Departments of Water Resources and Meteorology (DWRAMs) opportunities to adopt participatory risk reduction strategy as standard approach when undertaking flood mitigation programs. It is also expected that the outputs of as well as the processes followed for this TA would be directly applicable to future ADB and MoWRAM flood management programs at community level in Cambodia. The outputs would also provide strategic guidance to the National Committee for Disaster Management (NCDM) and various other stakeholders working in the field of disaster risk reduction in Cambodia. The TA was implemented in two phases: (i) Phase I - Strategy development1 to formulate a methodology for mobilizing communities to plan, design, and implement preparedness, prevention, and mitigation measures; and (ii) Phase II – Pilot projects’ implementation by NGOs to implement the community based disaster risk reduction (CBDRR) strategy; and technical capacity development activities undertaken by ADPC. Following are the main outputs of the TA: Output 1 Community Based Disaster Risk Reduction Strategy (2007-2012) for Flood and Drought; Part A - Guidance for Promoting and Implementing Community level Action for Self Reliance and Flood and Drought risk reduction; and Part B - Supporting High Risk /Vulnerable Communities in 4 Mekong Delta Provinces to implement CBDRR focussed on floods and droughts; Strategic Framework and Road Map for developing and implementing an Action Program (2007-2012) by a multi stake holder partnership 1 Implemented from an office based at the Department of Hydrology and River Works, MoWRAM, Phnom Penh, Cambodia Asian Disaster Preparedness Center 3 ADB TA 4574-CAM: Final Report, September 2007 Output 2 Pilot projects on Community based disaster risk reduction Community based disaster risk reduction project in Svay Rieng Province by Church World Service (CWS) Flood risk reduction project in communities in Koh Andet district and Borey chulsa district in Takeo Province by Chamroen Chiet Khmer (CCK) Output 3 Svay Provincial Disaster Risk Reduction Action Plan Output 4 Flood Risk Reduction Action Plan for Borey chulsa district in Takeo Province Output 5 Flood Vulnerability GIS for 4 provinces of Kandal, Prey Veng, Svay Rieng and Takeo Output 6 Training materials for Community Based Disaster Risk Management (CBDRM) Asian Disaster Preparedness Center 4 ADB TA 4574-CAM: Final Report, September 2007 B Executive summary of significant activities under the project This section summarizes the key activities undertaken in the project and which is described in detail in the following section C of this report. 1. Understanding NGO interventions in Flood and Drought Risk Reduction (Activity 1.1); NGOs and other agencies working on Flood and Drought Risk Reduction in Cambodia were identified, consultations were carried out with them and their project sites visited to understand their interventions, strengths of their approach, constraints. 2. Developing a simple GIS which can facilitate decision making for the TA as well as future programs (Activity 1.2); Data was collected on several parameters which acts as indicators for flood risk, analysed and a simple Flood Vulnerability GIS Atlas was developed, which helped in identifying the vulnerable communes from the target TA districts and thus facilitated in the decision making of the implementation of the pilot projects. 3. Undertaking survey with TA target provinces to identify community needs in flood and drought risk reduction (Activity 1.3); a rapid survey was undertaken by the TA team for understanding community concerns and needs in the context of flood and drought impacts and thus helped in the development of the strategy under the TA. 4. Identification of target areas and prioritizing areas for future interventions (Activity 1.4); Based on the GIS developed under 1.2 and community needs survey conducted under activity 1.3, most vulnerable provinces were identified to implement the pilot projects. 5. Terms of Reference for inviting NGOs to undertake activity 2 – Implementation of TA Pilot Projects – were developed, including guidelines for NGOs to prepare and submit proposals (Activity 1.5) 6. Seven agencies (primarily NGOs) actively working in the country on disaster risk reduction activities, or development activities that have a significant impact on disaster reduction, were invited to submit proposals in response to the terms of reference sent. These were (in alphabetical order) – Cambodian Red Cross, CARE International in Cambodia, CEDAC, Chamroen Chiet Khmer (CCK – a local NGO based in Romenh Commune, Takeo province), Church World Service, Oxfam GB in Cambodia, and World Vision International.