\ STUDIA IN THE LIBRARY of VICTORIA UNIVERSITY Toronto TYPICAL ENGLISH CHURCHMEN FROM PARKER TO MAURICE. 2Tf)e ffiijurcl) Historical President: THE RIGHT REVEREND J. WORDSWORTH, D.D., LORD BISHOP OF SALISBURY. Chairman; THE REVEREND W. E. COLLINS, PROFESSOR OF ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY AT KING S COLLEGE LONDON. LXV TYPICAL ENGLISH CHURCHMEN FROM PARKER TO MAURICE. E Series of Xectures EDITED BY WILLIAM EDWARD COLLINS, M.A. PROFESSOR OF ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY AT KING S COLLEGE LONDON ; EXAMINING CHAPLAIN TO THE LORD BISHOP OF ST ALBANS. PUBLISHED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF THE TRACT COMMITTEE. SOCIETY FOR PROMOTING CHRISTIAN KNOWLEDGE. LONDON : NORTHUMBERLAND AVENUE, W.C. ; 43, QUEEN VICTORIA STREET, E.G. BRIGHTON: 129, NORTH STREET. NEW YORK : E. & J. B. YOUNG & CO. 1902. OXFORD HORA.CE HART, PRINTER TO THE UNIVERSITY / O 3 6 */-S 13 ]yb/ CONTENTS PAGE INTRODUCTION vii I. MATTHEW PARKER 3 By the Rev. Henry Gee, D.D. II. RICHARD HOOKER 25 By the Rev. A. J. Mason, D.D. III. WILLIAM CHILLINGWORTH . .37 By the Rev. Hastings Rashdall, D.Litt., D.C.L. IV. JAMES USHER 59 By the Rev. E. W. Watson, M.A. V. JOHN BRAMHALL 81 By the Rev. W. E. Collins, M.A. VI. JEREMY TAYLOR 123 By the Rev. H. Hensley Henson, B.D. VII. GILBERT BURNET 149 ByH. W. C.Davis, M.A. VIII. JOSEPH BUTLER . 195 By the Rev. Henry Wace, D.D. IX. WILLIAM WARBURTON 215 By the Rev. J. Neville Figgis, M.A. X. CHARLES SIMEON 257 By the Rev. C. H. Simpkhison, M.A. XL HENRY PHILLPOTTS 299 By the Rev. E. C. S. Gibson, D.D. XII. FREDERICK DENISON MAURICE . 327 By the Rev. W. E. Collins, M.A. INDBX 361 INTRODUCTION THE lectures which are contained in this volume were delivered during the spring and early summer of last year, first at St Margaret s Westminster, and subsequently in the Abbey Church of St Albans. It is proposed by the Com mittee of the Church Historical Society that they should be followed by other sets of lectures, presenting in the aggregate a series of biographies of Typical English Churchmen from the earliest times to the present day. According to the scheme of the present course, each lecturer was to be left entire freedom in dealing with his subject, the only stipulation being that the point of view should be strictly historical. Thus it will be found that differences abound, both in the method of treatment and in the standpoint of the writers. The lectures in some are more vary considerably length ; general in plan, whilst some embody the results of no small of are whilst amount minute research ; some freely annotated, others are almost or entirely without notes. Again, no attempt has been made to secure uniformity of language or to smooth away differences of opinion : each lecture records its author s own convictions and bears the impress of his personal equa tion; and if there be an unity underlying the diversity of standpoint and of outlook, as we have no doubt whatever that there is, and that it will so appear to any who study the volume as a whole, it is the unity which springs from our common life, not simply that which comes from the adoption of a common programme. Again, the choice of subjects for the particular lectures may perhaps be considered open to criticism. It may be contended that the persons chosen for treatment are not in all cases conspicuous examples of saintliness. It may be urged that viii Introduction the seventeenth century, prolific as it was in great men, is unduly represented. A series of Typical English Churchmen which omits Andrewes and Laud, Berkeley and Wesley and Whitefield, Arnold and the leaders of the Oxford Movement, not to mention others who flourished during the period which it covers, can hardly lay claim to anything approaching logical completeness. And even so, several names might easily be suggestedOO as alternatives to one or other of those which have been included. But to all this an adequate answer may, I believe, be given. The aim of these lectures was not primarily to set forth patterns of the Christian life for imita tion, but to supply guidance, by the study of the past, towards the realization of the ideal which God has set before us as Churchmen and the for the English ; consequently subjects lectures were not chosen as conspicuous examples of holi ness, but as notable types of English Churchmanship. The seventeenth century was such an age of ecclesiastical giants that on this ground alone it might fairly claim a larger for the and more representation than, example, eighteenth ; especially is this the case in view of the fact that the age of Bramhall and Usher and Taylor, like that of Theodore and Benedict Biscop and Wilfrid, may fairly claim to be one of the great formative periods in the history of the English Church. Some who might well claim a place as Typical English Churchmen have been omitted because excellent short bio of them are in existence and others graphies already ; because, valuable as their message and example have been for later days, their place in contemporary history was hardly such as to lend itself to treatment in this form. And whilst it is true that alternative names might easily be suggested instead of several which are here included, it must be borne in mind that no selection can do more than represent the views, and the reading, of the person or persons by whom it has been made. If some well-known names be absent, it must not be assumed that they were overlooked, or set aside without careful consideration for the it is at least a fact of ; and rest, worthy notice, and a matter of no little satisfaction to those who were responsible for the selection, that the individual lecturers have Introduction ix seen no reason to depreciate their subjects, but rather have found them both more interesting and more attractive as the result of careful study. This is a fact which the reader can test, in a measure, for himself. I pass on to speak of our plan as a whole, in its larger aspects. The object which we have set before ourselves is to present and pourtray, as faithfully and impartially as we can, the life and work of a series of Typical English Church men. We do so with the assured conviction that, if this plan can be carried out with even a measure of fidelity, it will appear that a real unity of thought and character, and that of a very decided kind, underlies the manifold differences of temperament and opinion and circumstance which the pourtrayal will reveal. We believe, in fact, that just as there is a type of character, manifold yet one, which can truly be termed English, so also is there a type of churchmanship corresponding with it, which can truly be termed Anglican. We believe, further, that this type may be traced throughout the history of the English Church : that, in fact, it was de veloped in and through the history of the English Church. It is no creation of the English Reformation, although no doubt it was markedly intensified then, just as it would have been in part obliterated or obscured had the tumults of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries ended in a victory either 1 for Rome or for Geneva . It is to be traced, in its main features, both before and after that period : the history of the English Church is as truly one as that of the English people, and the type of character evolved by the one is as well marked, generally speaking, as that evolved by the other. It is not of course a perfect type, perhaps very far from it. It has its it " the defects of its But at strong points, and has qualities." 1 This is no mere assumption or surmise, but a statement which may easily be tested by reference to a parallel case. No competent student can doubt that the terms "the Gallican Church" or "the Spanish Churches," have little by little been evacuated of all their ancient meaning as the result of a process which is the direct opposite to our Reformation, so far as this latter affected our relations with the papacy. Our own day has seen a revival of the true Gallican spirit, the ultimate effects of which are still to be realized. x Introduction any rate (unless indeed we are wrong in thinking that ic exists at it is use all) there. We may and develop it, or misuse and pervert it. We may strengthen it where it is weak, or we may dissipate the strength that it has. But we cannot get away from it except by mutilating ourselves in the most terrible of all ways, by abjuring our own history : by renouncing the heritage which comes to us from the past, and thus depriving ourselves of the promise of the future. And not only ourselves : for the character which is impressed upon us and the type into which we have been moulded carries with it a message. That which we have as a heritage is likewise that which the world craves at our hands : not indeed the only thing which the world needs, but yet a thing which it assuredly cannot be deprived of without grievous loss. The type is there, and we are delivering our message, whether we are conscious of it or not but it is ; obviously desirable that we should recognize it, that we should be conscious workers and not merely unconscious.