Medicinal Plants of China, Korea, and Japan Bioresources for Tomorrow’s Drugs and Cosmetics Medicinal Plants of China, Korea, and Japan Bioresources for Tomorrow’s Drugs and Cosmetics Christophe Wiart, PharmD, PhD School of Biomedical Science The University of Nottingham Boca Raton London New York CRC Press is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300 Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 © 2012 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business No claim to original U.S. Government works Version Date: 20120409 International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-4398-9912-0 (eBook - PDF) This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. 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Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at http://www.taylorandfrancis.com and the CRC Press Web site at http://www.crcpress.com Contents Chemical Structures..........................................................................................................................ix Foreword ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� xiii Preface..............................................................................................................................................xv Author ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������xvii Chapter 1 Superorder Austrobaileyanae (Croizat) Doweld ex M.W. Chase & Reveal, 2009........1 1.1 Order Austrobaileyales Takht. ex Reveal, 1992.................................................1 1.1.1 Family Schisandraceae Blume, 1830, nom. cons., the Schisandra Family...................................................................................................1 1.1.1.1 Kadsura scandens Bl.............................................................1 1.1.1.2 Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill.......................................3 References.....................................................................................................................4 Chapter 2 Superorder Magnolianae Takht., 1967..........................................................................7 2.1 Order Piperales Bercht. & J. Presl, 1820............................................................8 2.1.1 Family Saururaceae F. Voigt in L.C.M. Richard, 1811, nom. cons., the Lizard’s-Tail Family........................................................................8 2.1.1.1 Houttuynia cordata Thunb....................................................8 2.1.1.2 Saururus chinensis (Lour.) Baill......................................... 10 2.2 Order Laurales Juss. ex Bercht. & J. Presl, 1820..............................................12 2.2.1 Family Calycanthaceae Lindl., 1819, nom. cons., the Strawberry Shrub Family.......................................................................................12 2.2.1.1 Chimonanthus praecox (L.) Link........................................ 13 2.2.2 Family Hernandiaceae Blume, 1826, nom. cons., the Hernandia Family.................................................................................................15 2.2.2.1 Illigera appendiculata Bl. ...................................................15 2.2.2.2 Illigera luzoniensis (Presl) Merr. ........................................ 17 References................................................................................................................... 18 Chapter 3 Superorder Lilianae Takht., 1967................................................................................23 3.1 Commelinids....................................................................................................23 3.1.1 Order Commelinales Mirb. ex Bercht. & J. Presl, 1820......................24 3.1.1.1 Family Pontederiaceae Kunth, 1816, nom. cons., the Water-Hyacinth Family..................................................24 3.1.2 Order Zingiberales Griseb., 1854........................................................29 3.1.2.1 Family Cannaceae Juss., 1789, nom. cons., the Canna Family..................................................................................29 3.1.2.2 Family Zingiberaceae Martinov, 1820, nom. cons., the Ginger Family................................................................30 3.1.3 Order Poales Small, 1903....................................................................73 3.1.3.1 Family Cyperaceae Juss., 1789, nom. cons., the Sedge Family..................................................................................73 v vi Contents 3.2 Non-Commelinids............................................................................................86 3.2.1 Order Asparagales Link, 1829............................................................88 3.2.1.1 Family Orchidaceae Juss., 1789, nom. cons., the Orchid Family................................................................88 3.2.2 Order Liliales Perleb, 1826................................................................ 131 3.2.2.1 Family Liliaceae Juss., 1789, nom. cons., the Lily Family.................................................................. 131 3.2.3 Order Alismatales R.Br. ex Bercht. & J. Presl, 1820........................ 165 3.2.3.1 Family Alismataceae Vent., 1799, nom. cons., the Water-Plantain Family................................................. 165 3.2.3.2 Family Hydrocharitaceae Juss., 1789, nom. cons., the Tape-Grass Family...................................................... 167 References................................................................................................................. 169 Chapter 4 Superorder Ranunculanae Takht. ex Reveal, 1992................................................... 191 4.1 Order Ranunculales Juss. ex Bercht. & J. Presl, 1820.................................... 191 4.1.1 Family Ranunculaceae Juss., 1789, nom. cons., the Buttercup Family......................................................................... 192 4.1.1.1 Aconitum scheri Rchb..................................................... 193 4.1.1.2 Anemone chinensis Bunge................................................. 195 4.1.1.3 Cimicifuga foetida L. ........................................................ 196 4.1.1.4 Clematis chinensis Osbeck................................................ 198 4.1.1.5 Clematis gouriana Roxb. ex DC....................................... 199 4.1.1.6 Coptis chinensis Franch. .................................................. 201 4.1.1.7 Paeonia lactiora Pall.......................................................202 4.1.1.8 Paeonia suffruticosa Andrews..........................................204 4.1.1.9 Ranunculus sceleratus L...................................................206 4.1.1.10 Semiaquilegia adoxoides (DC.) Makino...........................207 4.1.2 Family Lardizabalaceae R.Br., 1821, nom. cons., the Lardizabala Family......................................................................209 4.1.2.1 Sargentodoxa cuneata (Oliv.) Rehder & E.H. Wilson.......209 References................................................................................................................. 210 Chapter 5 Superorder Rosanae Takht., 1967.............................................................................. 215 5.1 Eurosids I........................................................................................................ 215 5.1.1 Order Celastrales Link, 1829............................................................ 218 5.1.1.1 Family Celastraceae R.Br. in M. Flinders, 1814, nom. cons., the Bittersweet Family.................................... 218 5.1.2 Order Fagales Engl., 1892.................................................................224 5.1.2.1 Family Myricaceae Rich. ex Kunth, 1817, nom. cons., the Bayberry Family..........................................................224