ears Y B.Ed 2.5/4 USES OF ICTs IN SCIENCE EDUCATION Code 6439 Unit: 1-9 Final: 22-06-2021 USES OF ICTs IN SCIENCE EDUCATION (B.Ed 4 Year) (Science Education) Course Code: 6439 Units: 1–9 Department of Science Education FACULTY OF EDUCATION ALLAMA IQBAL OPEN UNIVERSITY ISLAMABAD All rights reserved with the publisher First Edition ............................................ 2021 Quantity .................................................. 1000 Price ........................................................ Rs. Typeset by: ............................................. M. Hameed Zahid Printing Incharge ..................................... Abdul Rehman Cheema Printer ..................................................... AIOU-Printing Press, Sector H-8, Islamabad Publisher ................................................. Allama Iqbal Open University, H-8, Islamabad ii PREFACE Uses of ICTs in science Education is a course designed for B.Ed (Science Education) students to develop ICT skills to meet the requirement of National Professional Standards for Pakistani Teachers. It is also obvious that technology is becoming part and parcel of our lives and no one can deny its use in our lives. This book is written as per approved contents from different statuary bodies. Content covers all the required information and skills in accordance of approved contents. It includes introduction to ICTs in Science Education, Internet and its related things, teaching and learning with drill and practice, Computer graphics, word processing, desk top Publishers and web-based editors, Teaching and learning with telecommunication, Simulations, multimedia and hypermedia and teaching mathematics with mathematical devices. Writing process of this book contains general process first selection of writers and reviewers, then approval from VC is sought. Coordinator follow the writing and review process. For this book lot of writing work has been done by faculty members. Compilation of written work is also a tedious job. This book took at least one year to take this form. The whole University remained involved in the completion of this book under the supervision of Vice Chancellor and Dean Faculty of Education. Department of Science Education, Academic Planning and Course Production, Editing Cell and Print Production Unit of AIOU contributed their services for completion of this book. Prof. Dr. Nasir Mahmood Chairman/Dean iii INTRODUCTION OF THE COURSE The dawn of 21st century revolutionized the world by mechanizing each and every aspect of life. The rapid technological advancements brought harmony in the people of entirely diverse colour, creed and race, so transformed the whole scenario in the form of global village. Information and Communication technology is the focal point all over the world. Every developed, developing, and underdeveloped nation is striving hard to get most out of the ICT expertise. Everyone is being faced with the challenges of ICTs with other discipline of knowledge, assembling ICTs in all institutions and professional development of ICTs personnel. Focusing on the evolving trends and the dire need to integrate ICTs in Pakistani Institutions the AIOU proposed to execute the subject” Uses of ICTs in Science Education” at B.Ed level. This course is very important for 21st century science teachers. This importance lies in the facts that ICT in education improves engagement and knowledge retention: When ICT is integrated into lessons, students become more engaged in their work. This is because technology provides different opportunities to make it more fun and enjoyable in terms of teaching the same things in different ways. ICT helps improve the quality of Education by enhancing learner’s engagement and motivation. Arshad Mehmood Qamar Course Coordinator iv OBJECTIVES OF THE COURSE After completing the course, learner will be able to: • Appraise the need for and importance of TCTs in Science Education • Use ICTs for teaching of science subjects • Apply modernize, creative and innovative teaching methods by utilizing ICTs tools of teaching • Apply modernize, creative and innovative teaching methods by utilizing ICTs tools of assessment • Provide trainee teachers with string foundation in the utilization of hardware and software resources of ICTs in Science Education • Employ internet for retrieving useful information and techniques for Science Education • Identify the importance of different software used for facilitating teaching and learning science • Assemble certain ICT tools for science teaching • Conduct research on issues and problems of ICT for science education. v CONTENTS Page # Preface ........................................................................................................................ 3 Introduction of the Course .......................................................................................... 4 Objectives of the Course ............................................................................................. 5 Unit–1: Introduction to ICTs in Science Education ................................................. 1 Unit–2: Internet, World Wide Web and E-learning ................................................. 31 Unit–3: Teaching and Learning with Drilling and Practice ..................................... 57 Unit–4: Teaching and Learning with Computer Graphics ....................................... 73 Unit–5: Teaching and Learning with Word Processors, Desk top Publishers, and Web Based Editors ............................................................................... 111 Unit–6: Teaching and Learning with Telecommunications ..................................... 175 Unit–7: Teaching and Learning with Simulations ................................................... 199 Unit–8: Teaching and Learning with Multimedia/Hypermedia ............................... 215 Unit–9: Teaching and Learning with Mathematics Devices .................................... 235 vi Unit–1 INTRODUCTION TO ICTS IN SCIENCE EDUCATION Written by: Arshad Mehmood Qamar Reviewed by: Dr. Muhammad Tanveer Afzal CONTENTS Page # Introduction ................................................................................................................. 3 Objectives ................................................................................................................... 3 1.1 Fundamental of ICTs ........................................................................................ 4 1.2 Definitions and concepts related to ICTs .......................................................... 4 1.2.1 Information and Communication Technology ..................................... 4 1.2.2 Computers ............................................................................................ 4 1.2.3 Input Devices and Output Devices ....................................................... 4 1.2.4 Central Processing Unit ...................................................................... 10 1.2.5 Control Unit ......................................................................................... 11 1.2.6 Arithmetic Logic Unit ......................................................................... 11 1.2.7 Ports, Bus ............................................................................................. 11 1.2.8 Mother Board ....................................................................................... 11 1.2.9 RAM & ROM ...................................................................................... 12 1.2.10 Hardware & Software .......................................................................... 13 1.2.11 ICT Literacy ......................................................................................... 14 1.2.12 E-learning ............................................................................................. 14 1.2.13 Blended Learning ................................................................................. 14 1.3 Communication Technology ............................................................................. 15 1.3.1 Internet ................................................................................................. 15 1.3.2 Intranet (LAN) ..................................................................................... 16 1.3.3 Extranet (WAN) ................................................................................... 16 1.4 History of ICTs ................................................................................................. 16 1.5 ICTS Today ....................................................................................................... 21 1.6 Science Education and ICTs ............................................................................. 21 1.7 Advantages/Benefits of ICTs ............................................................................ 27 1.8 Disadvantages of ICTs ...................................................................................... 28 Key Points ................................................................................................................... 28 Self-Assessment Questions ......................................................................................... 29 Bibliography ............................................................................................................... 30 2 INTRODUCTION Information Communication Technologies (ICT) at present are influencing every aspect of human life. They are playing salient roles in workplaces, business, education, and entertainment.