GCP/RAF/408/EC « MOBILISATION ET RENFORCEMENT DES CAPACITES DES PETITES ET MOYENNES ENTREPRISES IMPLIQUEES DANS LES FILIERES DES PRODUITS FORESTIERS NON LIGNEUX EN AFRIQUE CENTRALE » National Prunus africana Management Plan Cameroon CIFOR Verina Ingram, Abdon Awono, Jolien Schure, Nouhou Ndam June 2009 Avec l’appui financier de la Commission Européenne Table of Contents 1 Sommaire Exécutif ................................................................................................... 4 2 Executive Summary ................................................................................................. 7 3 Abbreviations .......................................................................................................... 9 4 Objective ............................................................................................................... 10 4.1 Approach and methodology ............................................................................... 10 5 Context ................................................................................................................. 12 5.1 Policy background ............................................................................................ 12 5.1.1 International Standards .............................................................................. 15 5.2 Legal context ................................................................................................... 16 5.3 Trade .............................................................................................................. 17 5.3.1 International trade ..................................................................................... 17 5.3.2 National trade ............................................................................................ 21 5.4 Development context ........................................................................................ 22 5.4.1 Income and employment ............................................................................. 22 5.4.2 Use .......................................................................................................... 24 5.4.3 Health value .............................................................................................. 24 5.5 Ecological context............................................................................................. 26 5.5.1 Biology ..................................................................................................... 26 5.5.2 Ecology in Cameroon .................................................................................. 26 5.6 Ecology, forest type and national distribution ....................................................... 33 6 Prunus africana populations and inventories in Cameroon ............................................ 39 6.1 Mount Cameroon .............................................................................................. 39 6.2 Adamaoua ....................................................................................................... 44 6.3 North West ...................................................................................................... 46 6.4 Littoral-Bakossi Mountains ................................................................................. 47 6.5 Lessons from past inventories ............................................................................ 52 7 Prunus africana harvest units ................................................................................... 53 7.1 Current permit allocation system and zones ......................................................... 53 7.1.1 Strengths and weaknesses of current permit system ...................................... 53 7.2 Recommendations for Prunus Allocation Units ...................................................... 55 7.3 PAU Allocation procedure .................................................................................. 58 8 Inventory Norm ...................................................................................................... 64 8.1 Current practice ............................................................................................... 64 8.2 Recommendations for the Inventory Norm .......................................................... 65 8.3 Principles ........................................................................................................ 67 8.4 Research and capacity building needs ................................................................. 68 9 Bark yield calculations ............................................................................................. 70 9.1 Bark yield studies ............................................................................................. 70 9.2 Sustainable yield equation ................................................................................. 71 10 National quota .................................................................................................... 76 10.1 Available stocks of Prunus africana .................................................................. 77 11 Harvest Norm ..................................................................................................... 79 11.1 Current harvest practices ............................................................................... 79 11.2 Recommended harvest norms ......................................................................... 81 11.2.1 Method 1: 2/4 Quarters .............................................................................. 82 11.2.2 Method 2: Felling ....................................................................................... 82 11.3 Principles ..................................................................................................... 83 11.4 Research needs ............................................................................................. 83 12 Roles of Management and Scientific Authorities ....................................................... 84 12.1 Management authority: MINFOF ...................................................................... 84 12.1.1 MinFoF responsibilities for Prunus africana ..................................................... 85 12.2 Scientific Authority: ANAFOR .......................................................................... 86 12.2.1 ANAFOR responsibilities for Prunus africana ................................................... 87 National Prunus africana Management Plan, Cameroon Table of Contents 12.3 Other actors in the Prunus chain ..................................................................... 88 12.4 Institutional recommendations ........................................................................ 88 13 Transboundary management ................................................................................ 91 14 Control, traceability and monitoring system ............................................................ 93 14.1 Appraisal of current monitoring and traceability system ..................................... 93 14.2 Monitoring procedures ................................................................................... 94 14.3 Traceability ................................................................................................ 101 14.4 Community or Council Forest participatory monitoring ..................................... 102 14.5 Long term monitoring .................................................................................. 102 14.5.1 Annually ................................................................................................. 102 14.5.2 Five years ............................................................................................... 102 14.6 Sanctions ................................................................................................... 103 14.6.1 Long term monitoring research .................................................................. 103 15 Production facilities ............................................................................................ 104 15.1 Terminology ............................................................................................... 104 16 Regeneration and domestication ......................................................................... 105 16.1 State of knowledge ...................................................................................... 105 16.2 Genetic diversity ......................................................................................... 105 16.3 Domestication ............................................................................................. 106 16.4 Regeneration .............................................................................................. 114 16.5 Domestication and regeneration recommendations .......................................... 114 16.5.1 Research needs........................................................................................ 115 17 Recommendations ............................................................................................. 116 18 Bibliography ..................................................................................................... 117 Annexes Annex 1: Prunus africana Action Plan ............................................................................. 122 Annex 2: Relevant legislation ........................................................................................ 124 Annex 3: Authors 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