S. HRG. 107–452 BIOTERRORISM, 2001 HEARINGS BEFORE A SUBCOMMITTEE OF THE COMMITTEE ON APPROPRIATIONS UNITED STATES SENATE ONE HUNDRED SEVENTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION SPECIAL HEARINGS OCTOBER 3, 2001—WASHINGTON, DC OCTOBER 28, 2001—WASHINGTON, DC NOVEMBER 2, 2001—WASHINGTON, DC NOVEMBER 29, 2001—WASHINGTON, DC Printed for the use of the Committee on Appropriations ( Available via the World Wide Web: http://www.access.gpo.gov/congress/senate U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 77–048 PDF WASHINGTON : 2002 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512–1800; DC area (202) 512–1800 Fax: (202) 512–2250 Mail: Stop SSOP, Washington, DC 20402–0001 COMMITTEE ON APPROPRIATIONS ROBERT C. BYRD, West Virginia, Chairman DANIEL K. INOUYE, Hawaii TED STEVENS, Alaska ERNEST F. HOLLINGS, South Carolina THAD COCHRAN, Mississippi PATRICK J. LEAHY, Vermont ARLEN SPECTER, Pennsylvania TOM HARKIN, Iowa PETE V. DOMENICI, New Mexico BARBARA A. MIKULSKI, Maryland CHRISTOPHER S. BOND, Missouri HARRY REID, Nevada MITCH MCCONNELL, Kentucky HERB KOHL, Wisconsin CONRAD BURNS, Montana PATTY MURRAY, Washington RICHARD C. SHELBY, Alabama BYRON L. DORGAN, North Dakota JUDD GREGG, New Hampshire DIANNE FEINSTEIN, California ROBERT F. BENNETT, Utah RICHARD J. DURBIN, Illinois BEN NIGHTHORSE CAMPBELL, Colorado TIM JOHNSON, South Dakota LARRY CRAIG, Idaho MARY L. LANDRIEU, Louisiana KAY BAILEY HUTCHISON, Texas JACK REED, Rhode Island MIKE DEWINE, Ohio TERRENCE E. SAUVAIN, Staff Director CHARLES KIEFFER, Deputy Staff Director STEVEN J. CORTESE, Minority Staff Director LISA SUTHERLAND, Deputy Minority Staff Director SUBCOMMITTEE ON DEPARTMENTS OF LABOR, HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, AND EDUCATION, AND RELATED AGENCIES TOM HARKIN, Iowa, Chairman ERNEST F. HOLLINGS, South Carolina ARLEN SPECTER, Pennsylvania DANIEL K. INOUYE, Hawaii THAD COCHRAN, Mississippi HARRY REID, Nevada JUDD GREGG, New Hampshire HERB KOHL, Wisconsin LARRY CRAIG, Idaho PATTY MURRAY, Washington KAY BAILEY HUTCHISON, Texas MARY L. LANDRIEU, Louisiana TED STEVENS, Alaska ROBERT C. BYRD, West Virginia MIKE DEWINE, Ohio Professional Staff ELLEN MURRAY JIM SOURWINE MARK LAISCH ADRIENNE HALLETT ERIK FATEMI ADAM GLUCK BETTILOU TAYLOR (Minority) MARY DIETRICH (Minority) SUDIP SHRIKANT PARIKH (Minority) Administrative Support CAROLE GEAGLEY EMMA ASHBURN (Minority) (II) CONTENTS WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 3, 2001 Page Opening statement of Senator Tom Harkin .......................................................... 1 Prepared statement of the American Pharmaceutical Association ..................... 3 Prepared statement of the American Society of Clinical Pathologists ................ 5 Prepared statement of the Commissioned Officers Association of the U.S. Public Health Service .......................................................................................... 6 Prepared statement of the Association of State and Territorial Health Offi- cials ....................................................................................................................... Opening statement of Senator Arlen Specter ........................................................ 13 Opening statement of Senator Robert C. Byrd ..................................................... 14 Statement of Hon. Edward M. Kennedy, U.S. Senator from Massachusetts ..... 16 Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 19 Statement of Hon. Bill Frist, U.S. Senator from Tennessee ................................ 20 Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 23 Statement of Hon. Chuck Hagel, U.S. Senator from Nebraska ........................... 28 Statement of Hon. John R. Edwards, U.S. Senator from North Carolina .......... 29 Statement of Hon. Tommy G. Thompson, Secretary, Department of Health and Human Services ............................................................................................ 32 Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 36 Opening statement of Senator Mike DeWine ........................................................ 46 Opening statement of Senator Richard J. Durbin ................................................ 46 Opening statement of Senator Judd Gregg ........................................................... 48 Opening statement of Senator Herb Kohl ............................................................. 49 Statement of Jonathan Tucker, Ph.D., director, Chemical & Biological Weap- ons Nonproliferation Program, Monterey Institute of International Studies .................................................................................................................. 52 Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 55 Statement of Stephen Cantrill, M.D., associate director, Department of Emer- gency Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center ............................................... 62 Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 64 Statement of Jerome M. Hauer, managing director, Crisis and Consequences Management, Kroll Associates ............................................................................ 66 Statement of Patricia Quinlisk, M.D., M.P.H., medical director and State epidemiologist, Iowa Department of Health ...................................................... 68 Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 71 Statement of Rex Archer, M.D., M.P.H., director, Kansas City Health Depart- ment ...................................................................................................................... 79 Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 81 TUESDAY, OCTOBER 23, 2001 Opening statement of Senator Tom Harkin .......................................................... 93 Opening statement of Senator Arlen Specter ........................................................ 95 Statement of Jeffrey P. Koplan, M.D., M.P.H., Director, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Health and Human Services ............ 98 Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 104 Statement of James T. Caruso, Deputy Assistant Director, Counterterrorism Division, Federal Bureau of Investigation, Department of Justice .................. 109 Statement of Bob Kramer, president and chief operating officer, Bioport Cor- poration ................................................................................................................. 123 Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 125 Statement of Mary Kuhn, vice president of operations, Bayer Corporation ....... 129 Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 131 (III) IV Page Statement of Barbara Hunt, R.N., M.P.A., district health officer, Washoe County Health Department, Reno, Nevada ....................................................... 133 Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 135 Statement of Hilary Koprowski, M.D., president, Biotechnology Foundation, Inc., Philadelphia, PA, professor, Department of Microbiology and Immu- nology, director, Center of Neurovirology and Biotechnology Foundation Laboratories at Thomas Jefferson University ................................................... 136 Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 137 Statement of Thomas P. Monath, M.D., vice president for Research and Medical Affairs, Acambia, Inc. ............................................................................ 138 Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 140 Statement of Mary J.R. Gilchrist, Ph.D., director, University of Iowa Hygienic Laboratory ............................................................................................................ 141 Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 143 FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 2, 2001 Opening statement of Senator Tom Harkin .......................................................... 155 Opening statement of Senator Arlen Specter ........................................................ 156 Opening statement of Senator Robert C. Byrd ..................................................... 157 Opening statement of Senator Ted Stevens .......................................................... 160 Statement of Anthony S. Fauci, M.D., Director, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services ............................................................................... 160 Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 162 Statement of James W. LeDuc, Ph.D., Acting Director, Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Health and Human Services ................................................................................................................