ROMANIA NATIONAL DEFENCE UNIVERSITY “CAROL I” CENTRE FOR DEFENCE AND SECURITY STRATEGIC STUDIES No. 3[28]/2008 68-72 Panduri Street, sector 5, Bucharest, Romania Telephone: (021) 319.56.49; Fax: (021) 319.55.93 E-mail: [email protected]; Web address: http://impactstrategic.unap.ro, http://cssas.unap.ro NATIONAL DEFENCE UNIVERSITY “CAROL I” PRINTING HOUSE BUCHAREST, ROMANIA The Centre for Defence and Security Strategic Studies’ scientific quarterly magazine acknowledged by the National University Research Council as a B+ magazine Editorial Board: Marius Hanganu, Professor, Ph.D., president Constantin Moştoflei, Senior Researcher, Ph.D., executive president, editor-in-chief Nicolae Dolghin, Senior Researcher, Ph.D. Hervé Coutau-Bégarie, director, Ph.D. (Institute for Compared Strategy, Paris, France) John L. Clarke, Professor, Ph.D. (European Centre for Security Studies “George C. Marshall”) Adrian Gheorghe, Professor Eng., Ph.D. (Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, USA) Josef Procházka, Ph.D.����������������������������������������������� (Institute for Strategic Studies, Defence University, Brno, Czech Republic) Dario Matika, Ph.D. (Institute for Research and Development of Defence Systems, Zagreb, Croatia) Gheorghe Văduva, Senior Researcher, Ph.D. Ion Emil, Professor, Ph.D. Editors: Vasile Popa, Researcher Corina Vladu George Răduică Scientific Board: Mihai Velea, Professor, Ph.D. Grigore Alexandrescu, Senior Researcher, Ph.D. The authors are responsible for their articles’ content, respecting the provisions of the Law no. 206 from the 27th of May, 2004, regarding the conduct in scientific research. ISSN 1842-9904 (online edition) STRATEGIC IMPACT CONTENTS THE POLITICAL-MILITARY PRESENT Peace religion versus Muslim combativeness Anghel ANDREESCU, PhD, Nicolae RADU, PhD...............................................................5 Terrorism and religion by the beginning of the 21st century Mircea MUREŞAN, PhD.....................................................................................................16 GEOPOLITICS AND GEOSTRATEGIES ON THE FUTURE’S TRAJECTORY The Black Sea - a potential major zone for global security Nicolae DOLGHIN, PhD.....................................................................................................21 South Caucasus conflict rises EU, NATO and US concern Constantin-Gheorghe BALABAN, PhD..............................................................................28 Space of interest security. Psycho-social representation on security and Homeland Security in the Black Sea Area Alexandra SARCINSCHI, PhD............................................................................................35 A renewed geopolitical and geostrategic role for the Mediterranean Sea Florin DIACONU, PhD........................................................................................................43 NATO AND EU: POLITICS, STRATEGIES, AND ACTIONS The Lisbon Treaty and the principle of states’ sovereignity: a few comments Mădălina Virginia ANTONESCU .......................................................................................47 Main concepts development and experimentation within the North-Atlantic Alliance Crăişor-Constantin IONIŢĂ.................................................................................................�6 SECURITY AND MILITARY STRATEGY The national security and the economical development Irina CUCU .........................................................................................................................64 “Security” concept between internal and international laws Mirela ATANASIU...............................................................................................................6� ANALYSIS. SYNTHESIS. EVALUATIONS Challenges in the recruitment of professional soldiers in Europe Tibor SZVIRCSEV TRESCH, PhD ....................................................................................76 STRATEGIC IMPACT No. 3/2008 3 STRATEGIC IMPACT Syria - Strategic objectives and military capabilities Marina MUSCAN................................................................................................................87 STRATEGIC EVENT The EU Treaties’ Reform Vasile POPA.........................................................................................................................�3 POINT OF VIEWS Le separatisme politique: une effet de la globalisation? Petre DUŢU, PhD ...............................................................................................................�6 INFORMATIONAL SOCIETY. PEACE AND WAR Possible coordinates for a strategic environment Gheorghe VĂDUVA, PhD .................................................................................................103 REVIEWS Islamic Jihad .........................................................................................................................114 CDSSS’ AGENDA The activities of the Centre for Defence and Security Strategic Studies, July-September 2008 Irina CUCU........................................................................................................................11� Instructions for authors.........................................................................................................103 STRATEGIC IMPACT No. 3/2008 THE POLITICAL-MILITARY PRESENT PEACE RELIGION VERSUS MUSLIM COMBATIVENESS Anghel ANDREESCU, PhD Nicolae RADU, PhD Islam is not only a religion, but a law stipulating than Islam has accomplished something extremely the Muslims’ behaviour in any circumstances, difficult – an intellectual revolution that has whether it is the religious, political, social or changed the whole perception of people in what private life. regards their purpose in life (Abdul A’la Mawdudi, The belief in a unique God, the world’s creator, 1�63). accompanied by angels, as His representatives, Is it possible to say that the contemporaneous is one of the main Islam dogmas described in Islamic turnaround, no matter what the Koran. manifestation form is, means that before all, the Keywords: Islam, peace, belief, Koran, occidental influence and domination rejection over religion. the Islamic identity and spirit? Huntington admits that what it is universalism Reflections over the present edge for the Occident means imperialism for the rest of the world, which goes apart of the occidental’s For centuries, before the Islam’s arriving, the democracy double standards. Arabs were separated into countless warrior fac- As the democracy is encouraged, but not if tions. Bloodshed was not rare, and during the hos- it brings the Islamists to power, human rights tilities many lives were lost. Approaching the con- constitute as a problem in China, but not in other temporary Islam, especially from the perspective allied countries. Possession of a nuclear arsenal is of transforming this into a triggering factor for a legitimate for Israel, but it becomes a problem for “civilization outrage”, Huntington considered that Iraq or Iran. “Islamism” was from the beginning “a sword reli- In this appreciation frame, for Islam, as Fatima gion, glorifying military victories”. Mersi appreciated, Occident is materialist, brutal, In the same view, the Koran text and all the acts repressive, traumatic. He decides by himself if the of faith of the Muslim man contain to less interdic- satellites are used for educating the Arabs or for tion for violence, a concept of non-violence being bombing them. He invades our lives. We assist, absent from the doctrine and practice. today, to a confrontation between the Orient and Without subscribing to this point of view, Occident, in which Islam becomes not just a tool Frithjof (1��4) sustained that “it is very possible of fighting back to new theses and orientation that Koran images are inspired especially by the of modern social science but also a subject battlefield … the soul in research of God must approached with obsession as the only cause of fight (…)”. this confrontation? Psychologically speaking, Muslim Is this just an avalanche of speeches that combativeness is counterweighted by its fatalism; have for subject not the contemporary Islamic in the spiritual life, Jihad, “the Holy War”, is first phenomenon, as it would believe at first site, but of all one “of soul against seducing soul (An-Nafs the interest for the Arab country oil? Al-‘ammara) and aspires, by transfiguration, to the We say that knowing the fact that the Arab States Absolute conscience”. have monopole for the global oil resources. The No matter what the belief, Islam has decided reserves from this region represent 60,17% from at a way of life completely human, based on the the world’s confirmed oil resources, and totalize a principles of truth and justice. amount of 683,� billion barrels, oil that not once, This unique accomplishment, as much more the occidental countries showed the interest for. STRATEGIC IMPACT No. 3/2008 THE POLITICAL-MILITARY PRESENT Country Oil reserves Percentage in million barrel of world’s reserve (%) Iran �2,86 0.�2 Irak 100,00 10.03 Libia 22.80 2.2� Nigeria 17.�0 1.8 Kuweit �4.0 �.43 Saudi Arabia 2�7.84 2�.86 United Arab Emirates �8.1 �.84 Table no. 1 - The International Petroleum Encyclopedia (Tulsa: PennWell Publishing Company, 1993), pp. 28 - 28 No matter of the answers, whether we like it campaigns – considers Jihad as an instrument and or not, we whiteness an idea exchange that tries a mean of fundamentalism, the term is usually or to “re-discuss” the role that Islam has or should almost always translated , as “holly war”,