CULTURAL RESOURCES TECHNICAL REPORT FOR THE CAMP LOCKETT MASTER PLAN AND OVERLAY ZONE, SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA P REPARED FOR : Planning & Development Services Contact: Felix Aponte, Land Use Environmental Planner, Advance Planning 5510 Overland Avenue, Suite 310 San Diego, CA 92123 (858) 495-5466 P R E P A R E D B Y : ICF 525 B Street, Suite 1700 San Diego, CA 92101 Contact: Tim Yates, Ph.D. Patrick McGinnis MA, RPA (858) 444-3947 July 2020 ICF. 2020. Cultural Resources Technical Report for the Camp Lockett Master Plan and Overlay Zone, San Diego, California. July. (ICF 00267.18.) San Diego, California. Prepared for County of San Diego, Planning & Development Services, San Diego, California. National Archaeological Database Information Author(s): Timothy Yates, PhD Patrick McGinnis, MA, RPA Karolina Chmiel, MA Margaret Roderick, MHPA Consulting Firm: ICF 525 B Street, Suite 1700 San Diego, CA 92101 (858) 578-8964 Client: San Diego County Planning and Development Services Report Date: July 2020 Report Title: Cultural Resources Technical Report for the Camp Lockett Master Plan and Overlay Zone, County of San Diego, California Type of Study: Record Search and Archaeological Sensitivity Analysis; Geoarchaeological Sensitivity Analysis; Built Environment Integrity Assessment New Sites: None Updated Sites: None USGS Quadrangle: Campo, California: 7.5-minute Series (1:24,000) Acreage: 400 Study Area, 194 Project Area Keywords: Camp Lockett; Camp Lockett Historic District; United States Army Cavalry; Buffalo Soldiers; Mitchell Convalescent Hospital Contents List of Tables and Figures ...................................................................................................................... iii List of Acronyms and Abbreviations ...................................................................................................... iv Page Chapter 1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 1-1 1.1 Project Description .......................................................................................................... 1-1 Chapter 2 Background ....................................................................................................................... 2-1 2.1 Existing Conditions ........................................................................................................... 2-1 2.1.1 Geography ........................................................................................................................ 2-1 2.1.2 Geology and Soils ............................................................................................................. 2-1 2.1.3 Biology ............................................................................................................................. 2-2 2.2 Cultural Setting ................................................................................................................ 2-3 2.2.1 Precontact Setting ........................................................................................................... 2-3 2.2.2 Ethnography ..................................................................................................................... 2-4 2.2.3 Historic Period.................................................................................................................. 2-5 2.3 Previous Research in the Area ....................................................................................... 2-10 2.3.1 Prominent Studies in the Study Area and Park/Preserve Vicinity ................................. 2-10 2.3.2 Archaeological Resources Research Context ................................................................. 2-11 2.4 Records Search Results .................................................................................................. 2-13 2.4.1 Previous Studies ............................................................................................................. 2-13 2.4.2 Previously Recorded Sites .............................................................................................. 2-15 2.4.3 Other Built Environment Research ................................................................................ 2-21 Chapter 3 Geoarchaeological Sensitivity Analysis .............................................................................. 3-1 3.1 Geologic Background ....................................................................................................... 3-1 3.2 Sensitivity Definitions ...................................................................................................... 3-1 3.2.1 Buried Site Sensitivity ...................................................................................................... 3-1 3.2.2 General Archaeological Sensitivity .................................................................................. 3-2 3.3 Methods ........................................................................................................................... 3-3 3.3.1 Buried Site Sensitivity ...................................................................................................... 3-3 3.3.2 General Archaeological Sensitivity .................................................................................. 3-4 3.4 Results .............................................................................................................................. 3-5 3.4.1 Buried Site Sensitivity ...................................................................................................... 3-5 3.4.2 General Archaeological Sensitivity .................................................................................. 3-6 Camp Lockett Master Plan and Overlay Zone July 2020 i Final Cultural Resources Technical Report ICF 00267.18 3.5 Geoarchaeological Analysis Summary ............................................................................. 3-6 Chapter 4 Field Methods ................................................................................................................... 4-1 4.1 Built Environment Field Methods .................................................................................... 4-1 4.2 Archaeological field methods .......................................................................................... 4-1 Chapter 5 Archaeological Resources Results ...................................................................................... 5-1 Chapter 6 Historic Built Environment Resources Analysis .................................................................. 6-1 Chapter 7 Impacts, Significance, and Management Recommendations.............................................. 7-1 7.1 Regulations ...................................................................................................................... 7-1 7.1.1 National Historic Preservation Act ................................................................................... 7-1 7.1.2 California Environmental Quality Act .............................................................................. 7-2 7.1.3 San Diego County Local Register of Historical Resources ................................................ 7-2 7.1.4 Guidelines for Determining Significance .......................................................................... 7-3 7.2 Impacts ............................................................................................................................. 7-6 7.2.1 Archaeological Resources ................................................................................................ 7-6 7.2.2 Built Environment Resources ......................................................................................... 7-14 7.2.3 Impact Identification ...................................................................................................... 7-15 7.2.4 Significance Identification .............................................................................................. 7-15 7.2.5 Management Recommendations .................................................................................. 7-17 Chapter 8 References ........................................................................................................................ 8-1 Chapter 9 List of Preparers and Persons and Organizations Contacted............................................... 9-1 9.1 Preparers .......................................................................................................................... 9-1 9.2 Persons and Organizations Contacted ............................................................................. 9-1 Appendix A Records Search Confirmation Appendix B Confidential Figures Appendix C Historic District Documentation Camp Lockett Master Plan and Overlay Zone July 2020 ii Final Cultural Resources Technical Report ICF 00267.18 Tables and Figures Table Page 2-1 Cultural Resource Studies Within a 1-mile Radius of the Study Area .......................................... 2-14 2-2 Cultural Resources Recorded Within a 1-mile Radius of the Study Area ................................... 2-15 3-1 Buried Site Sensitivity and General Archaeological Sensitivity Analyses Results .................... 3-6 4-1 Archaeological Resources Identified in the Project Area .................................................................... 5-1 6-1 Buildings Included in 2006 Nomination and/or 2009 CHL Nomination as Contributors that Were Verified in the Field ..........................................................................................