GEOGRAPHIC PRIORITIES FOR MARINE BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION IN INDONESIA Editor : Christine L. Huffard Mark V. Erdmann Tiene Gunawan Directorate of Concervation for Area and Fish Species, Directorate General of Marine, Coasts, and Small Islands Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries and Marine Protected Areas Governance Program 2012 i GEOGRAPHIC PRIORITIES FOR MARINE BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION IN INDONESIA Editors: C. L. Huffard1, M.V Erdmann1, and T. Gunawan1 Based on Data Inputs from: G. Allen2, P. Barber3, S. Campbell4, L. DeVantier5, M.V Erdmann1, M. Halim6, C. Hitipeuw7, Guswindia8, B. Hoeksema9, M. Hutomo10, B. Kahn11, M.K. Moosa12, Y. Noor13, K.S. Putra1, J. Randall14, R. Salm15, Suharsono12, E. Turak16, C. Veron17, C. Wallace18 AFFILIATIONS: 1Conservation International Indonesia Marine Program, Bali, Indonesia; 2 Western Australian Museum, Perth, WA, Australia; 3 Dept. Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Los Angeles, USA; 4 Wildlife Conservation Society- Indonesia Program, Bogor, Indonesia; 520 Val Crescent, Noosaville, Queensland, Australia; 6 WWF- Coral Triangle Network Initiative, Jakarta, Indonesia; 7 WWF-Indonesia Marine Program, Jakarta, Indonesia; 8 Universitas Udayana, Bali, Indonesia; 9 National Museum of Natural History – Naturalis, Leiden, The Netherlands; 10 Pusat Penelitian Sumberdaya Manusia dan Lingkungan – Program Studi Ilmu Lingkungan, Program Pasca Sarjana, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta Indonesia; 11 APEX Environmental, Cairns, Australia; 12Indonesian Institute of Sciences Research Center for Oceanography, Jakarta, Indonesia ; 13 Wetlands International – Indonesia Programme, Bogor, Indonesia; 14 Bishop Museum, Hawaii, USA; 15 The Nature Conservancy, Hawaii, USA; 161 Rue Francois Villon, 95000, Cergy, France; 17 Australian Institute of Marine Sciences, Townsville, Australia; 18Museum of Tropical Queensland, Townsville, Australia NOTE: The data utilized in the analyses within this report were provided by the biodiversity experts surveyed herein and represent literally centuries’ worth of personal research efforts on behalf of these experts. Much of these data are not yet formally published. The editors of this report therefore kindly request that anyone wishing to use these data in further publications please contact the experts to which the data are attributed to request their permission to do so. Suggested Citation: Huffard, C.L., M.V. Erdmann, T.R.P. Gunawan (Eds) (2012). Geographic Priorities for Marine Biodiversity Conservation in Indonesia. Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries and Marine Protected Areas Governance Program. Jakarta- Indonesia. 105 pp. ISBN: 978-602-98450-6-8 This book is made possible partly by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) through CTSP and MPAG programs. The contents are the responsibility of Coral Triangle Support Partnership (CTSP) and Marine Protected Areas Governance (MPAG) and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States Government, and the Government of Republic of Indonesia. Lay out: Pasus Legowo/Eko Wahono Cover’s photo: Wayag, Raja Ampat © CI/Erdi Lazuardi ii Table of Contents FOREWORD DIRECTOR GENERAL OF MARINE, COASTS AND SMALL ISLANDS, MINISTRY OF MARINE AFFAIRS AND FISHERIES .................................................................................. vii FOREWORD DIRECTOR OF ENVIRONMENT OFFICE, UNITED STATES AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT (USAID) INDONESIA............................................................... viii FOREWORD DIRECTOR OF CONSERVATION FOR AREA AND FISH SPECIES, MINISTRY OF MARINE AFFAIRS AND FISHERIES .................................................................................. ixi PREFACE FROM EDITOR ................................................................................................................................ xii ACKNOWLEDGMENT.................................................................................................................................... xii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY.................................................................................................................................... xv 1. INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................................... 1 Background .......................................................................................................................................................... Need for Prioritization Exercise ................................................................................................................ 3 Objectives of Prioritization ......................................................................................................................... 6 2. QUESTIONNAIRE AND PRIORITIZATION ........................................................................................ 7 Workshop Process ......................................................................................................................................... 7 Prioritization Questionnaire ........................................................................................................................ 7 Selection of Experts for Prioritization Exercise .................................................................................... 9 Questionnaire Responses ............................................................................................................................. 9 Prioritization Workshop Process ............................................................................................................ 10 3. DATA INPUTS FROM QUESTIONNAIRES.......................................................................................... 11 Archipelago-Wide Patterns of Species Richness and Endemism ..................................................... 11 4. ADDITIONAL DATA INPUTS FOR EACH ECOREGION.............................................................. 35 1. Papua......................................................................................................................................................... 35 2. Banda Sea................................................................................................................................................. 39 3. Lesser Sundas ......................................................................................................................................... 41 4. Sulawesi Sea/ Makassar Strait............................................................................................................. 44 5. Halmahera ............................................................................................................................................... 47 6. Palawan/ North Borneo ...................................................................................................................... 49 7. Western Sumatera ................................................................................................................................ 51 iii 8. Northeast Sulawesi/Tomini Bay ........................................................................................................ 53 9. Sunda Shelf/Java Sea .............................................................................................................................. 53 10. Arafura Sea.............................................................................................................................................. 55 11. Soutern Java ............................................................................................................................................ 60 12. Malacca Strait .......................................................................................................................................... 62 5. PRIORITIZATION RANKING RESULTS .............................................................................................. 65 Overall Assement.......................................................................................................................................... 65 6. INDIVIDUAL ECOREGION RANKINGS ............................................................................................ 69 1. Papua......................................................................................................................................................... 69 2. Banda Sea................................................................................................................................................. 70 3. Lesser Sundas ......................................................................................................................................... 70 4. Sulawesi Sea/Makassar Strait .............................................................................................................. 71 5. Halmahera ............................................................................................................................................... 71 6. Palawan/ North Borneo ...................................................................................................................... 72 7. Western Sumatera................................................................................................................................ 72 8. Northeast/Tomini Bay .......................................................................................................................... 72 9. Sunda Shelf/Java Sea .............................................................................................................................