Machine Safeguarding Basic This course introduces the student to the basic concepts and principles for machine safeguarding as described by OSHA in 1910 Subpart O, Machinery and Machine Guarding. The focus of this course is on the hazardous motions and actions that contribute to different machine-related accidents, and the safeguards used to help prevent those accidents. This page intentionally blank OSHAcademy Course 154 Study Guide Machine Safeguarding: Basic Copyright © 2021 Geigle Safety Group, Inc. No portion of this text may be reprinted for other than personal use. Any commercial use of this document is strictly forbidden. Contact OSHAcademy to arrange for use as a training document. This study guide is designed to be reviewed off-line as a tool for preparation to successfully complete OSHAcademy Course 154. Read each module, answer the quiz questions, and submit the quiz questions online through the course webpage. You can print the post-quiz response screen which will contain the correct answers to the questions. The final exam will consist of questions developed from the course content and module quizzes. We hope you enjoy the course and if you have any questions, feel free to email or call: OSHAcademy 15220 NW Greenbrier Parkway, Suite 230 Beaverton, Oregon 97006 www.oshatrain.org [email protected] +1 (888) 668-9079 Disclaimer This document does not constitute legal advice. Consult with your own company counsel for advice on compliance with all applicable state and federal regulations. Neither Geigle Safety Group, Inc., nor any of its employees, subcontractors, consultants, committees, or other assignees make any warranty or representation, either express or implied, with respect to the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of the information contained herein, or assume any liability or responsibility for any use, or the results of such use, of any information or process disclosed in this publication. GEIGLE SAFETY GROUP, INC., DISCLAIMS ALL OTHER WARRANTIES EXPRESS OR IMPLIED INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. Taking actions suggested in this document does not guarantee that an employer, employee, operator or contractor will be in compliance with applicable regulations. Ultimately every company is responsible for determining the applicability of the information in this document to its own operations. Each employer’s safety management system will be different. Mapping safety and environmental management policies, procedures, or operations using this document does not guarantee compliance regulatory requirements. Revised: August 3, 2021 This page intentionally blank Course 154 Contents Modules and Learning Objectives .................................................................................................. 1 Course Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 2 Module 1: Hazards of Moving Parts ............................................................................................... 3 Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 3 Where Mechanical Hazards Occur .............................................................................................. 3 Hazardous Mechanical Motions and Actions ............................................................................. 4 Motions ....................................................................................................................................... 5 In-running Nip Points .............................................................................................................. 5 Reciprocating Motions ............................................................................................................ 6 Transverse Motions ................................................................................................................ 6 Rotating Shafts ........................................................................................................................ 7 Actions ........................................................................................................................................ 8 Cutting Actions ........................................................................................................................ 8 Punching Actions ..................................................................................................................... 8 Shearing .................................................................................................................................. 8 Bending ................................................................................................................................... 9 Requirements for Machine Guards ............................................................................................ 9 Machine Guard Construction .................................................................................................... 10 Advantages of Builder-Designed Guards .............................................................................. 10 Advantages of User-Built Guards .......................................................................................... 11 Disadvantages of User-Built Guards ..................................................................................... 11 Guard Material ...................................................................................................................... 11 Training ..................................................................................................................................... 12 Course 154 How to Get the Point Across ................................................................................................. 12 Protective Clothing and Personal Protective Equipment ......................................................... 13 Module 2: Methods of Machine Safeguarding ............................................................................. 15 Five General Classifications of Machine Safeguards ................................................................ 15 Guards ....................................................................................................................................... 16 Fixed Guards ......................................................................................................................... 16 Adjustable Guards ................................................................................................................. 16 Interlocked Guards ................................................................................................................ 16 Self-Adjusting Guards............................................................................................................ 17 Devices ...................................................................................................................................... 18 Presence-Sensing Devices ..................................................................................................... 18 Pullback Devices .................................................................................................................... 19 Restraint Devices .................................................................................................................. 19 Safety Trip Controls ............................................................................................................... 19 Two-Hand Control Devices ................................................................................................... 20 Two-Hand Trip Devices ......................................................................................................... 20 Machine Safeguarding by Location and Distance ..................................................................... 21 Feeding and Ejection Methods ................................................................................................. 22 Automatic Feed Systems ....................................................................................................... 22 Semi-Automatic Feeding Systems ........................................................................................ 22 Semi-Automatic Ejection Systems ........................................................................................ 23 Robot Systems .......................................................................................................................... 23 Types of Robot Hazards ........................................................................................................ 24 Miscellaneous Aids.................................................................................................................... 25 Course 154 Additional Resources .................................................................................................................... 27 This page intentionally blank Course 154 Modules and Learning Objectives Module 1: Hazards of Moving Parts Learning objectives in this module include: • Describe the basic requirement for machine guarding. • List and give examples of each of the three primary motions of moving parts. • List and give examples of each of the four primary machine actions. • Describe the hazards from in-running nip points and the three primary types of motions. • Describe and give