Matsalu Rahvuspargi, Rajametsa Hoiuala, Haeska Hoiuala Ja Puiatu Merikotka Kaitsekorralduskava 2015‒2024

Matsalu Rahvuspargi, Rajametsa Hoiuala, Haeska Hoiuala Ja Puiatu Merikotka Kaitsekorralduskava 2015‒2024

Matsalu rahvuspargi, Rajametsa hoiuala, Haeska hoiuala ja Puiatu merikotka kaitsekorralduskava 2015‒2024 Keskkonnaamet 2015 SISUKORD 1. SISSEJUHATUS ........................................................................................................................ 5 1.1. Ala iseloomustus ...................................................................................................................... 5 1.1.1. Asukoht ja abiootilised tingimused ................................................................................... 6 1.1.2. Elustik ............................................................................................................................... 8 1.2. Maakasutus ja -omand ........................................................................................................... 11 1.2.1. Põllumajandus ................................................................................................................. 14 1.2.2. Metsandus ....................................................................................................................... 15 1.2.3. Roovarumine ................................................................................................................... 15 1.3. Huvigrupid ............................................................................................................................. 18 1.4. Kaitsekord .............................................................................................................................. 20 1.4.1. Rahvusvaheline staatus ................................................................................................... 20 1.4.2. Riiklik staatus, kaitsekord ja tsoneering ......................................................................... 20 1.4.3 Kaitse korraldamine ......................................................................................................... 22 1.5. Uuritus.................................................................................................................................... 24 1.5.1. Läbiviidud inventuurid ja uuringud ................................................................................ 24 1.5.2. Riiklik seire ..................................................................................................................... 26 1.5.3. Inventuuride ja uuringute vajadus ................................................................................... 28 2. VÄÄRTUSED JA -EESMÄRGID ........................................................................................... 30 2.1. Elustik .................................................................................................................................... 30 2.1.1. Linnustik ......................................................................................................................... 30 2.1.2. Imetajad........................................................................................................................... 57 2.1.3. Kahepaiksed .................................................................................................................... 62 2.1.4. Kalad ............................................................................................................................... 63 2.1.5. Taimed ............................................................................................................................ 65 2.1.6. Seened ............................................................................................................................. 72 2.2. Kooslused ............................................................................................................................... 74 2.2.1. Rannikuelupaigad ........................................................................................................... 74 2.2.2. Nõmmed ja kadastikud ................................................................................................... 87 2.2.3. Mageveekogud ................................................................................................................ 89 2.2.4. Niidud ............................................................................................................................. 90 2.2.5. Sood .............................................................................................................................. 100 2.2.6. Lubjakivipaljandid ........................................................................................................ 102 2.2.7. Metsad ........................................................................................................................... 102 2.3. Maastik, pargid ja üksikobjektid ...................................................................................... 110 2.3.1. Põllud ja kultuurrohumaad ........................................................................................ 111 2.3.2. Pargid, aiad, tiigid. .................................................................................................... 112 2.3.3. Geoloogilised vaatamisväärsused. ............................................................................ 113 2.4. Kultuuripärand ................................................................................................................. 115 2.4.1. Asustusstruktuur ....................................................................................................... 115 2.4.3. Hooned, ehitised ja taluarhitektuur ........................................................................... 116 2.4.3. Hoonete välisilme ..................................................................................................... 121 2.4.4. Kivikalmed ja kalmistud ........................................................................................... 123 2.4.5. Kiviaiad ..................................................................................................................... 125 2.4.6. Vaimne pärand .......................................................................................................... 125 2 2.4.7. Ajaloolised hooned kui olulised elupaigad ............................................................... 127 3.1. Külastustaristu: .................................................................................................................... 130 3.1.2. Matsalu looduskeskus Penijõel ..................................................................................... 130 3.1.3. Penijõe matkarada ......................................................................................................... 130 3.1.4. Suitsu matkarada ja puhkekoht ..................................................................................... 131 3.1.5. Kloostri vaatetorn.......................................................................................................... 132 3.1.6. Karusselja pärn ja puhkekoht ........................................................................................ 132 3.1.7. Rannajõe vaateplatvorm ja puhkekoht .......................................................................... 132 3.1.8. Haeska vaatetorn ........................................................................................................... 132 3.1.9. Keemu puhkekoht ja vaatetorn ..................................................................................... 133 3.1.10. Kiideva vaateplatvorm-sadamahoone ......................................................................... 133 3.1.11. Kiideva-Puise matkarada ............................................................................................ 133 3.1.12. Salevere matkarada ..................................................................................................... 134 3.1.13. Näärikivide õpperada .................................................................................................. 134 3.1.14. Eerik Kumari mälestuskivi ja Kirbla astang ............................................................... 135 3.1.15. Liustemäe tee vaateplatvorm ...................................................................................... 135 3.1.16. Tominga talu vaateplatvorm ....................................................................................... 135 3.1.17. Üksikud teabetahvlid .................................................................................................. 135 3.1.18. Väikesadamad ............................................................................................................. 136 3.1.19. Penijõe välibaas-metsamaja ........................................................................................ 136 3.1.20. Penijõe mõisa metsamaja ........................................................................................ 137 4. KAVANDATAVAD KAITSEKORRALDUSLIKUD TEGEVUSED JA EELARVE ......... 138 4.1. Tegevuste kirjeldus .............................................................................................................. 138 4.1.1. Inventuurid, seire, uuringud .......................................................................................... 138 4.1.2. Hooldus, taastamine ja ohjamine .................................................................................. 144 4.1.3. Taristu, tehnika ja loomad............................................................................................. 155 4.1.4. Kaitse-eeskiri ja kaitsekorralduskava. .......................................................................... 161 4.1.5. Rahvuspargi tutvustamine ja

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