PH LI P JA CO B S PE N ER A N D H I S W O R K. B A I E E I CH ARD Y M . R . B H ow beautiful upon the mountains are the feet of him tha t bringeth tidin s that ublisheth eace ; that bri n eth ood tidin s o ood good g , p p g g g f g , heth salvation that saith unto ! ion Th God rei neth that publis ; , y g I ii 7 . Isaiah . PH I LA DE LPH I A E T LUTHERAN PUB LICA TION SOCI Y. 1 897 . SE CON D COPY. 5 7 7 0 3 OPYR I G H T 1 97 C , 8 , H H E Y T E LUT R A N PUB LICA TION SOCIET . Dbilip Sacob S pener ano W e W ork . TA B LE OF CON TE N TS . PA G E CHAPTER I . Co nd iti o n o f t h e Lut h e ran Ch urch in G e rm any at t h e t im e Of ’ — — Spe n e r s Birt h H is Yo u th and Ed u cat i o n H i s M arri age H is Past o rat e in t rasb ur and all t o ran kfo rt S g , C F CHAPTER I I . — Spe ne r as Se ni o r Oi th e M ini st e ri um at Fran kfo rt H is Pre ach ing — and Effo rt s fo r t h e Re fo rm o f t h e Ch urch H is Opini o ns on Ch urch G o ve rnm e nt III CHAPTER . ’ — Spe ne r s Co nt rove rsie s H is Sickne ss - H is Cal l t o Dre sd e n A CH PTER I V . - — Spe ne r a s Co urt pre a ch e r at Dre sd en Co ndit i o n Of t h e Saxon Ch u rch — H is Practic al Act ivity CHAPTER V ; ’ — Pie tisti c Co nt ro ve mi% Spe n e r s Difii cul t y With t h e El e ct o r H is 68 R I CHAPTE V . e n e r as Pre sid e n t o f t h e o nsi st o r a nd Pro vo st at e rlin Sp C y , B — — Pietis tic al Ext re m e s Th e Confe ssi o n al Pie ti stic Co nt ro ve rsy — Att e m pt s at Ch urch Uni o n I I CHAPTER V . ’ — Spe ne r s Privat e Life H is Last Days and De at h ( 3 ) “ u ust mermann ran he an a g f c o b is W ork . TA B LE OF CON TE N TS PA G E CHAPTER I . ’ Francke s Yo uth and St ud e nt Life H C APTER I I . — Fran cke as Pre ach e r and Past o r at Erfurt Unive rsity o f Hall e — Francke as Pro fessor and Past o r at H al l e The Pie tist s III CHAPTER . Fran cke as Phil anth ro pist and E ducat o r CHAPTER I V . Fran cke ’ s Work in Bib l e Di st rib uti on and M i ssi ons CHAPTER V . ’ rancke om e sti ife H is ast a s and e ath F s D c L , L D y D ( 4 ) PH I LI P JA C O B S PEN ER N D H I S W O K A R . H A PTE R C I . CONDI TI ON OF TH E LUTHERAN CHURCH I N G ERMANY ’ A T TH E TIME OF SPENER S B IRTH -H I S YOUTH A N D — ED UCATION— H I S MARRIAG E H I S PASTORATE I N S ASB G A N D CA O F A KF O . TR UR , LL T R N RT TH E Peace o f Westphalia had settled the rights o f religious parties in Germany but the Reform an d r ers were dead , the fe vent Spirit that had d a nd stirre them to action , to sacrifice, had been r quenched in the long struggle for religious libe ty . The Church had become the heritage o f a genera Of tion warriors , who , while they preserved and protected her, had developed those passions y which destro ed her Inner life . The Protestant Church was divided into two great parts the Lutheran and the Reformed , and these fe ll into bitter and int olerant controversies o n e n with another, while the e tire Protestant body was engaged in disputes with the Romish Church . Although wars had ceased because of the coun ’ e u try s exhaustion , the hatred and bitterness gendered by them survived , and was voiced in m e n o r pulpit and school, wherever taught r o r th e p eached wrote . In protecting the truth , people had lost that chief treasure with which re ( 5 ) 6 SPENER AND H I S W ORK . ligio u s truth is designed t o endow the human — b heart rotherly love . The follower Of a great benefactor move s fo r hi ward developing s work . The imitator stands i n immovable and only poses beside it . Dur g R e the century which succeeded their death , the N O o n e formers had no followers . received again h t e fervent and creative spirit o f their action . d wh o l t o t h e They had rea y imitators , c ung dry Of n l tt husks an empty faith , findi g the e er where their heroic predecessors had fo und the spirit . ’ u These made Of Luther s glorio s theology , which as had been framed an expression Of inner life , a philosophy Of religion , whose importance was its correct and orthodox expression , and its intel u lectual apprehension , rather than its infl ence n upon life or conscie ce . Luther and Calvin were quoted Oftener than Christ and Paul . The Scrip r fo r tures we e forgotten the creeds , and those sources o f spiritual enlightenment from which should have flowed broad streams of truth became a as st gnant wells of bitter waters . m Much time was devoted to study , but co plaint h as been made that the study was desultory and Objectless , and that the scholarship Of the time m o ral n f was superficial . The to e o the schools wa s the and universities extremely low , and can didat e s fo r the ministry presented themselves un prepared in both mind and heart fo r the duties Of ’ f . the sacred O fice True , many wore the Doctor s l title , but its value and significance was re ative . To the masses the Bible had come to be a clos e d l book . Its use in the schools was neg ected , or, if f Cat e chi used , the most cursory reading su ficed . w as sation almost entirely discontinued , or if made u se m m Of at all , the mere com itting to me ory of the various part s was all that was tho ugh t n ece s H I RK SPENER AND S WO . 7 n t sary . The preaching, when o polemical , still failed in the qualities necessary for the e dificat io n n Of the people . There were disagreeme ts as to o f n the best methods sermonizi g, and the literary fashion o f the time led to long an d tedious pur suits Of unim portant definitions t o be used in u n ini o rt ant Of p exegesis , while the wants the people and the satisfying truth was overlooked . As a relief from this ; some more sensational preachers ’ expounded one Of Luther s hymns , related a o r - fanciful allegory, attacked , bare handed , with o ut Of pretense cover, some minor social evil , as r f an extreme Of dress o a folly O conduct . True , there were earnest and pious m en who saw i with distress the prevail ng evils , and sought a to remedy them in the true w y . Chief among these were Valentine Andrea , John Arndt, and t w B ut the o Gerhards . the time was not ripe for any decided change , and while the life and works of these still eminent preachers left their in flu ence on individuals , they had not then the power f to stir the dead unleavened masses o the church . I I I order to quiet the restless Spirit of controversy f and rescue the su fering church , the reigning princes published ordinances concerning certain baptismal practices , and forbade the attendance n i Of their subjects upon certai un versities ;but, o f says a German writer, the corruption the Luth eran Church lay too deep to be affected by a d o r visory rules , imperative laws ;the reformation o f her Offenses was not t o be required at the hands o f r t o b e o u t p inces , but was only worked in her o wn inmost heart through men especially in trusted with her prosperity .