PRECEDENT STUDY MASJID JAMEK, KUALA LUMPUR ARCHITECT’S PROFILE The architect of Jamek Mosque is Arthur Bennison Hubback. He was born on 13 April 1871 and died on 8 May 1948. He received his education at Fettes College, Edinburgh. Then, he worked as an architect as well as a soldier ( Brigadier General). In 1895, he is chief draughtsman of Selangor public works department as well as contributed towards development of Kuala Lumpur. Besides that, he worked on buildings in Malaya and Hong Kong, from mosque to railway stations. BUILDING PROFILE Arthur Bennison Hubback Location Plan (N. T. S) Site Plan (N. T. S) Jamek Mosque is located at Jalan Tun Perak, Kuala Lumpur. It covers the project area of 4, 000 sqm out of 10, 000 sqm of site area. This project is started in 1907 and completed in 1909. HISTORY Built more than a century ago, Masjid Jamek is one of the country’s oldest mosques. It was officiated by the-then Sultan of Selangor in 1909 – two years after construction was completed – and served as the city’s main mosque before Masjid Negara was built in 1965. Located at the confluence of Klang River and Gombak River, the mosque stands on the city’s first Malay burial ground. with a capacity of up to 3000 occupants, It was designed by Arthur Benison Hubback and features Neo-Moorish architectural style reminiscent of colonial buildings in Northern India, distinguished by onion-shaped domes and spires, and horseshoe arches over decorated columns. Not far from Masjid Jamek across the Gombak River is the equally-historical Sultan Abdul Samad Building, which was designed by the same architect and shares a similar style. An LRT station which connects to other parts of the city sits right outside the mosque. ARCHITECTURAL FEATURES 1. Moorish Minarets There are two red and white striped minarets at the corner which are 26.8m (88ft) high 2. Moghul Influenced Domes The prayer hall is surmounted by three domes 3. Semi-open Prayer Hall The prayer hall opens out into a walled courtyard which is now covered 4. Prominent Main Structure The central dome is 21m (70ft) high 5. Umbrella Shaped Cupolas Cupolas and minarets that top the brick walls SURROUNDING CONTEXTS 1. Bumiputra - Commerce Tower 2. Unitar 3. Convent Bukit Nenas 4. Dewan Bandaraya Kuala Lumpur 5. Bank Negara 6. Mahkamah Tinggi Kuala Lumpur 7. Masjid Jamek LRT Station 8. Olympia Tower 9. Maybank Tower 10. Sultan Abdul Samad Building 11. Dataran Merdeka 12. PDRM Bukit Aman HQ 13. Dayabumi Complex 14. Central Market 15. Ancasa Hotel 16. Pudu Sentral USERS The figure illustrates types of user that used Jamek Mosque for daily usage. As we can see at the figure the highest, 35%, user of Jamek Mosque is the shoppers who are rest at mosque for a moment before continue shopping activity. Besides that, office workers, travelers and hawkers have another 15% respectively. Some of the traveler utilize the mosque as stopping point. Furthermore, the mosque also gave benefit to the hawkers and the office workers to have a proper place to pray. While, the remaining 20% of the users are students and urban residents and community with equal percentage. ACCESSIBILITY FUNCTION AND ZONING ISSUES AND SOLUTIONS ISSUE ISSUE Limited space for jummah prayer Beggars SOLUTION SOLUTION Vertical extension of praying hall Provide welfare instead of horizontal extension Provide work or capital to run any due to the mosque is located at business which can benefit the urban context. themselves and increase country’s currency. ISSUE Illegal littering ISSUE Homeless SOLUTION SOLUTION Provide proper and sufficient Provide welfare as well as basic dustbins shelter AL- RAJHI GRAND MOSQUE, RIYADH SAUDI ARABIA INTRODUCTION Al Rajhi Grand Mosque is one of the most famous and the biggest mosques in Saudi Arabia. It was opened on 12th of Sya’aban 1425H. It has a special place in being one of the largest there. However it has been selected as one of the landmarks in Saudi Arabia to all those who visit it. In addition to that, the mosque has a large overspill area that is used to connect the main entrance with the second entrance on the highway side. The mosque area is 13260 m² and it can accommodate 18000 male and 2500 female. Besides that, it has dome with diameter of 28.8m, and two minarets with a height of 37m and 55m respectively. In addition, there has water cooler at each of the columns inside the mosque and it used to be zamzam water. FACILITIES 1. Library It is enough for 100 readers. There are four departments inside the library which are Department of Electronic Services, Department of technical procedures, Department of Reference Services and Department for gifting 2. Halls For meetings and programmes and it is enough for 150 people also there is halls for special guests. 3. Schools for learning the Quran. This school is totally focusing on the Quran and they target to have as many as Hafiz of the Quran every year. There are offices and rooms for students to study and have their memorization there. 4. School for learning the Sunnah. This school is focusing on teaching the Sunnah of the prophet Muhammad PBUH and they have lots of special teachers for that. 5. Place to wash the deceased It is enough to prepare 11 deceased body without mixing them at one room, so at same time they can prepare 11 body. Also they provide cars and all of the equipment that they need in that place. 6.Toilets and Ablution. Each side of the masjid got one big space for the toilets. 7. Car parking It is big enough to cover more than 1000 cars and also they r working to develop it some more. 8.Zakat collection An office in the main entrance that is opened all days even during night to collect Zakat from people. 9.Bank ( ATM ) The only ATM machines at that area and it is a well done idea by having it there to ease the Muslims’ way. 10.Sadaqat collection. Also opened all days and all poor can come there to collect some money and sadaqah. 11.Rooms for generating the money. They also provide rooms at the back of the masjid to be used for programmes and activities that will be held at the masjid and the collection well go back to the masjid benefits. 12.Rooms for the guest. These are special rooms for special people and scholars if they come to stay in Riyadh for few days rather than sending them away to a hotel or whatsoever. Also they have the basement for those who can’t speak arabic so during khutba they will have the chance to listen to the translation directly at the basement where else they can pray there13. Praying Hall Basement for non-arab speakers Perspective View of Al-Rajhi Mosque Praying Hall .