Digital Practitioner Body of Knowledge™ Community Edition The Open Group Community Edition Table of Contents Digital Practitioner Body of Knowledge™ Community Edition . 1 Preface . 3 The Open Group . 3 This Document . 3 Background and Intended Value of this Work . 3 Curation Approach . 4 Relationship of this Document to Other BoKs . 4 Interpretive Aspects . 4 Evidence of Notability . 5 Trademarks . 6 Acknowledgments . 8 Referenced Documents . 10 1. Introduction . 24 1.1. What is the Digital Practitioner Body of Knowledge (DPBoK™) Standard? . 24 1.2. What is the Difference Between the DPBoK Standard and the Community Edition? . 24 1.3. What is The Open Group? . 25 1.4. What is the DPBoK Standard Good For? . 25 1.5. How Can I Contribute to the DPBoK Standard? . 26 1.6. How is the DPBoK Standard Governed? . 27 1.7. Frequently Asked Questions:. 27 2. Definitions . 29 3. Digital Transformation . 30 4. Principles of the DPBoK Standard . 31 5. Structure of the Body of Knowledge . 32 6. The Body of Knowledge . 33 6.1. Context I: Individual/Founder . 33 6.1.1. Digital Fundamentals. 33 6.1.1.1. Digital Context . 34 6.1.1.2. Digital Value Methods . 38 6.1.1.3. The Digital Stack . 43 6.1.1.4. The Digital Lifecycle . 46 6.1.2. Digital Infrastructure. 49 6.1.2.1. Computing and Information Principles. 49 6.1.2.2. Virtualization . 52 6.1.2.3. Cloud Services . 57 6.1.2.4. Configuration Management and Infrastructure as Code . 60 6.1.2.5. Securing Infrastructure. 69 6.1.3. Application Delivery . 72 6.1.3.1. Application Basics. 74 6.1.3.2. Agile Software Development . 77 6.1.3.3. DevOps Technical Practices . 84 6.1.3.4. APIs, Microservices, and Cloud-Native . 95 6.1.3.5. Securing Applications and Digital Products . 103 6.1.4. Context I Conclusion . 104 6.1.4.1. Architectural View . 104 6.2. Context II: Team . 106 6.2.1. Product Management . 107 6.2.1.1. Product Management Basics . 107 6.2.1.2. Product Discovery. 113 6.2.1.3. Product Design. 119 6.2.1.4. Scrum and Other Product Team Practices . 122 6.2.1.5. Product Planning . 128 6.2.2. Work Management. 131 6.2.2.1. Work Management and Lean. 132 6.2.2.2. Lean Product Development . 143 6.2.2.3. Work Management Capabilities and Approaches. 152 6.2.2.4. Towards Process Management . 154 6.2.2.5. Systems Thinking and Feedback . ..