proEME Framework conditions, Danish EV perceptions and experienced users Interviews and analysis 0 Copenhagen Electric Fremsyn proEME Framework conditions, Danish EV perceptions and experienced users Interviews and analysis Analysis of Electric Vehicles (EV’s) in Denmark Framework conditions, perceptions and user experiences This report compiles and handles various areas of knowledge and experience from work carried out in the project proEME (Promoting Electric Mobility Europe) from a Danish perspective. Based on Danish conditions, the report presents insights from user cases from private households, companies and public organisations to be addressed to regional, national and transnational decision makers along with market players such as car dealers and leasing companies. The insights are compiled through research, qualitative- and quantitative interviews. 1) Initial comparative analysis of framework conditions in DK, NO, SE, DE and NL 2) Analysis of responds from a Danish questionnaire of perceptions of EVs 3) EV user experiences in DK: 3.1 Interviews with private households 3.2 Interviews with private companies 3.3 Interviews with public organisations The report is produced for the project proEME Promoting Electric Mobility Europe www.pro-eme.eu The project is supported by EMEurope Electric Mobility Europe www.electricmobilityeurope.eu The European Commission Horizon 2020 EU funding programme for research and innovation The report is produced by Copenhagen Electric The Regional EV Secretariat of The Capital Region of Denmark Fremsyn ApS Independent consultancy with expertise in green business development Contributors Martin Pilgaard Author, analyses and interviews ([email protected]) Andreas Terjesen Author, analyses and interviews ([email protected]) Morten Johansen Author and analyses ([email protected]) André Vestergaard Frontpage graphic ([email protected]) Knud Boesgaard Consultant and reviewer ([email protected]) Gent Grinvalds Harbro Reviewer ([email protected]) Thomas Troels-Smith Reviewer ([email protected]) 1 Copenhagen Electric Fremsyn proEME Framework conditions, Danish EV perceptions and experienced users Interviews and analysis Summary This report in the proEME project contains three sections about prior and current framework conditions, perceptions and experiences with daily operations with EVs. Section 1 investigates framework conditions in terms of incentives made to increase awareness and uptake on the EV market. As an introduction, some of the main framework conditions for EVs were examined and followed by research interviews with NGOs in the five comparable countries; Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Germany and The Netherlands. The main point is that the introduction and withdrawal of attractive policy schemes can affect the EV sales numbers, in a negative way. The actions called for by EV NGOs and supporters were in general: • Long-term policies to avoid confusions and mistrust towards the future conditions of owning and operating an EV • Expanding the network of chargers to an extent that is larger than the current and expected amount of EVs on the road in the future • Smart-infrastructure with roaming leading to easy access regardless of your subscription to a certain charging supplier Section 2 handles the results of a questionnaire about EVs conducted by MEGAFON with 1,500 respondents answering questions about their driving patterns, mileages and their perception of the current state of EVs in terms of technology readiness, framework conditions and infrastructure. The results lead to the following observations: • There is a high share of the respondents that stated that they “don’t know” or choose “neither/nor” to the subjects presented in the survey • Many respondents did not find an EV suitable for their everyday needs, despite choosing a respond in a previous question about their daily range that an EV is capable of • Half of the respondents were not aware that an EV is cheaper in daily operational costs • Respondents living in apartments or another type of accommodation in, or close to the cities are more inclined to favour an EV as their 1st car than as a 2nd car or not choosing an EV at all compared to respondents living in other types of accommodation • The majority (59 %) said that there are too few public chargers, while only very few (4 %) disagreed Section 3 presents three different cases of experienced users. Eight private EV owners were interviewed about owning an EV for a 2nd car purpose in a household. However, as previous research has stated, the EV quickly became the first choice favoured over their internal combustion engine vehicle (ICEV). The ICEV was in many cases subsequently switched to an EV as well. The eight private EV owners are followed by interviews with five private companies and four public organisations. The main observations are: • An increased awareness overall in other environmental and climate challenge related subjects leading to an upbringing of their children with the same behaviours • A general increase in driving pleasure • An increased satisfaction with driving without local emissions and reduced noise • That long-term policies are needed to increase awareness and uptake of EVs • Authorities in Denmark need to create a better approval system for tow hitch on EVs The main conclusion to these three sections had different outcomes, but also presented two main observations: 1) Long-term or large-scale policy schemes are required in order to get vehicle owners to favour EVs over ICEVs, and 2) More public chargers and smarter-infrastructure are requested prior to the EV uptake. 2 Copenhagen Electric Fremsyn proEME Framework conditions, Danish EV perceptions and experienced users Interviews and analysis Content INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................................... 4 BUILDING INCENTIVES FOR AN INCREASED EV UPTAKE ........................................................................................... 4 PUBLIC KNOWLEDGE AND PERCEPTION OF EVS .................................................................................................... 5 CONNECTING INCENTIVES AND PERCEPTIONS TO EXPERIENCED EV USERS .................................................................. 6 1. FRAMEWORK CONDITIONS ............................................................................................................ 7 NORWAY ..................................................................................................................................................... 8 DENMARK .................................................................................................................................................. 11 SWEDEN .................................................................................................................................................... 13 THE NETHERLANDS ...................................................................................................................................... 15 GERMANY .................................................................................................................................................. 18 COMPARISON OF THE FIVE COUNTRIES INVESTIGATED .......................................................................................... 21 2. QUESTIONNAIRE ANALYSIS .......................................................................................................... 23 HOUSEHOLD, PARKING AND CHARGING ............................................................................................................ 23 TRANSPORT NEEDS AND PERCEPTION ............................................................................................................... 25 ECONOMIC ASPECTS ..................................................................................................................................... 27 EXPERIENCE, CONSIDERATIONS AND PERSPECTIVE ABOUT EVS .............................................................................. 28 TENDENCIES IN THE QUESTIONNAIRE................................................................................................................ 31 3. EXPERIENCED EV USERS ............................................................................................................... 32 3.1 PRIVATE HOUSEHOLDS ............................................................................................................. 33 CAMILLA MESSER THOMSEN: “VERY FEW CHALLENGES AND I HAVE A FUEL STATION IN MY FRONT YARD” ..................... 34 CHRISTIAN NOLSØE: “THE DRIVING IS COMFORTABLE AS EVER BEFORE” .................................................................. 35 TORBEN BRØCHNER: “LONG TERM INVESTMENTS ARE NEEDED FOR EVS” ............................................................... 36 ERIK BØRSTING HANSEN: ”PLAN YOUR TRIPS UPFRONT” ..................................................................................... 37 PETER STÆHR:” MY INVESTMENTS ARE RETURNED LONG AFTER I’M GONE” ............................................................ 38 JENS BOLL: “WE WOULD HATE BEING FORCED INTO DRIVING A PETROL OR DIESEL CAR” ............................................. 39 MARIA PERRY GARBOW: “WE HAD TO GIVE UP THE TRAILER, BUT THERE ARE SO MANY BENEFITS” .............................. 40 THOMAS VESTERGAARD THOMSEN: “I REALLY LIKE THAT MY EV USES SURPLUS ELECTRICITY” ..................................... 41 3.2 PRIVATE COMPANIES ..............................................................................................................