© 2017 Pamela Sherman photo of dandelion by LoggaWiggler from Pixabay.com ​ Relationship with Weeds: Some Plant Use Profiles and Ecological Management​ ​ ​ Compiled and edited by Pamela L.G. Sherman Dedicated to those who are part of the worldwide Agroecology movement* ​ 1 *For more information see Understanding Agroecology in Part III https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Multiculturalism.jpg Monisha.Pushparaj Table of Contents in Three Parts p.1-8 ​ I. Introduction pp.8-17 II. Some Plant Use Profiles pp. 17-172 Find the plant you are looking for in the first list here, English to Botanical Name, ​ ​ and get its botanical name. Then look it up alphabetically in the text by its botanical name. The second list simply alphabetizes the botanical names with their English counterparts as used here. The family name of each one is in tiny ​ ​ letters following the English name, for those interested. It’s also in the text. English to Botanical Name Absinthe (Wormwood) Artemisia Absinthium Anoda, Spurred Anoda cristata Amaranths Amaranthus spp. Bouncingbet (Soapwort) Saponaria officinalis Broadleaf Plantain Plantago major Bull Thistle Cirsium vulgare see Carduus acanthoides ​ ​ Burdock, Common Arctium minus Canada Thistle Cirsium arvense see Carduus acanthoides Caraway, Wild Carum carvi Chamomile, Corn Anthemis arvensis Chamomile, Mayweed Anthemis cotula 2 Matricaria perforata Chamomile, Scentless ​See the above Chamomiles Cheatgrass (Downy Brome) Bromus tectorum Chicory Cichorium intybus Chinese Clematis Clematis orientalis Cinquefoil, Sulfur Potentilla recta Curly dock and Sheep Sorrel Rumex crispus and R. acetosella Dalmation Toadflax Linaria dalmatica and L. genistifolia Dames rocket (Mother-of-Evening) Hesperis matronalis Dandelion, Common Taraxacum officinale Dock, Curly and Sheep Sorrel Rumex crispus and R. acetosella Downy brome (Cheatgrass) Bromus tectorum Eurasian watermilfoil Myriophyllum spicatum Field Bindweed Convolvulus arvensis Goatgrass, Jointed Aegilops cylindrica Goatshead (Puncturevine) Tribulus terrestris Henbane, Black Hyoscyamus niger Hoary cress (Whitetop) Cardaria draba Houndstongue Cynoglossum officinale Johnsongrass Sorghum halapense Jointed Goatgrass Aegilops cylindrica Knapweed, Diffuse Centaurea diffusa Knapweed, Spotted Centaurea maculosa Acroptilon repens Knapweed, Russian ​See Centaurea diffusa Knotweed, Bohemian Polygonum x bohemicum Knotweed, Giant Polygonum sachalinense Knotweed, Japanese Polygonum cuspidatum Lambsquarters, Common Chenopodium album Leafy Spurge Euphorbia esula Mallow, Common Malva neglecta Mallow, Venice Hibiscus trionum Milkweed, Common Asclepias syriaca Milkweed, Showy Asclepias speciosa Mother-of-the-Evening (Dame’s Rocket) Hesperis matronalis Myrtle Spurge Euphorbia myrsinites Mullein, Common Verbascum thapsus 3 Musk Thistle Carduus nutans Nettle, Stinging Urtica dioica Orange hawkweed Hieracium aurantiacum Oxeye daisy Chrysanthemum leucanthemum Perennial Pepperweed Lepidium latifolium Pepperweed, Perennial Lepidium latifolium Pigweed, Redroot Amaranthus retroflexus Plantain, Broadleaf Plantago major Plumeless Thistle Carduus acanthoides Poison Hemlock Conium maculatum Puncturevine (Goatshead) Tribulus terrestris Purple Loosestrife Lythrum salicaria Purslane, Common Portulaca oleracea Quackgrass Elytrigia repens Redroot Pigweed Amaranthus retroflexus Redstem Filaree/Storksbill Erodium cicutarium Russian olive Elaeagnus angustifolia Salt cedar (Tamarisk) Tamarix spp. Onopordum acanthium and tauricum Scotch Thistle ​See Carduus acanthoides Sheep Sorrel Rumex acetosella Soapwort (Bouncingbet) Saponaria officinalis Sowthistle, Perennial Sonchus arvensis Spurge, Leafy Euphorbia esula Spurge, Myrtle Euphorbia myrsinites Spurred Anoda Anoda cristata St. Johnswort, Common Hypericum perforatum Stinging Nettle Urtica dioica Sulfur Cinquefoil Potentilla recta Tamarisk (Salt Cedar) Tamarix spp. ​ ​ Tansy, Common Tanacetum vulgare Teasel, Common Dipsacus fullonum Teasel, Cutleaf Dipsacus laciniatus Thistles, Bull Cirsium vulgare See Carduus acanthoides Thistle, Canada Cirsium arvense See Carduus acanthoides Thistle, Musk Carduus nutans 4 Thistle, Plumeless Carduus acanthoides Onopordum acanthium and tauricum Thistle, Scotch ​See Carduus acanthoides Toadflax, Dalmatian Linaria dalmatica and L. genistifolia Toadflax, Yellow Linaria vulgaris Venice Mallow Hibiscus trionum ​ ​ Watermilfoil, Eurasian Myriophyllum spicatum Whitetop (Hoary Cress) Cardaria draba Wild Caraway Carum carvi Wild proso millet Panicum miliaceum Yellow nutsedge Cyperus esculentus Yellow starthistle Centaurea solstitialis Toadflax, Yellow Linaria vulgaris Wormwood (Absinthe) Artemisia Absinthium Velvetleaf Abutilon theophrasti Botanical Name Abutilon theophrasti Velvetleaf Malvaceae ​ Acroptilon repens See Centaurea diffusa Russian knapweed Asteraceae ​ ​ ​ Aegilops cylindrica Jointed Goatgrass Poaceae ​ ​ Amaranthus spp. Amaranths Amaranthaceae ​ Amaranthus retroflexus Redroot Pigweed Amaranthaceae ​ Anoda cristata Spurred anoda Malvaceae ​ Anthemis arvensis Corn Chamomile Asteraceae ​ Anthemis cotula Mayweed Chamomile Asteraceae ​ Arctium minus Common Burdock Asteraceae ​ Artemisia Absinthium Absinthe/ Wormwood Asteraceae ​ Asclepias speciosa Showy Milkweed Apocynaceae ​ Asclepias syriaca Common Milkweed Apocynaceae ​ Bromus tectorum Cheatgrass/Downy Brome Poaceae ​ Cardaria draba Whitetop/Hoary Cress Brassicaceae ​ Carduus acanthoides Plumeless thistle Asteraceae ​ Carduus nutans Musk Thistle Asteraceae ​ Carum carvi Wild Caraway Apiaceae ​ 5 Centaurea diffusa Diffuse knapweed Asteraceae ​ Centaurea maculosa Spotted Knapweed Asteraceae ​ Centaurea solstitialis Yellow Starthistle Asteraceae ​ Chenopodium album Lambsquarters Amaranthaceae ​ Cichorium intybus Chicory Asteraceae ​ Chrysanthemum leucanthemum Oxeye Daisy Asteraceae ​ Cirsium vulgare See Carduus acanthoides Bull Thistle Asteraceae ​ ​ Cirsium arvense See Carduus acanthoides Canada Thistle Asteraceae ​ Clematis orientalis Chinese Clematis Ranunculaceae ​ Conium maculatum Poison hemlock Apiaceae ​ ​ Cardaria draba Whitetop/Hoary Cress Brassicaceae ​ Chrysanthemum leucanthemum Oxeye Daisy Asteraceae ​ Conium maculatum Poison hemlock Apiaceae ​ Convolvulus arvensis Field Bindweed Convolvulaceae ​ Cynoglossum officinale Houndstongue Boraginaceae ​ ​ Cyperus esculentus Yellow nutsedge Cyperaceae ​ Dipsacus fullonum Common Teasel Dipsacaceae ​ Dipsacus laciniatus Cutleaf Teasel Dipsacaceae ​ Elaeagnus angustifolia Russian Olive Elaeagnaceae ​ Elytrigia repens Quackgrass Poaceae ​ Erodium cicutarium Redstem Filaree/StorksbillGeraniaceae ​ Euphorbia esula Leafy Spurge Euphorbiaceae ​ Euphorbia myrsinites Myrtle Spurge Euphorbiaceae ​ Mother-of-the-Evening/ Dames’Rocket Brass. Hesperis matronalis ​ Hibiscus trionum Venice Mallow Malvaceae ​ Hieracium aurantiacum Orange Hawkweed Asteraceae ​ Hyoscyamus niger Black Henbane Solanaceae ​ Hypericum perforatum St. Johnswort Clusiaceae ​ Lepidium latifolium Perennial Pepperweed Brassicaceae ​ Linaria dalmatica and L. genistifolia Dalmatian Toadflax Scrophulariaceae ​ Linaria vulgaris Yellow Toadflax Scrophulariaceae ​ Lythrum salicaria Purple Loosestrife Lythraceae ​ Matricaria perforata See the above Chamomiles Scentless Chamomile Asteraceae ​ ​ 6 Myriophyllum spicatum Eurasian Watermilfoil Haloragaceae ​ ​ Onopordum acanthium and tauricum See Carduus acanthoides Asteraceae Scotch Thistle ​ Panicum miliaceum Wild proso Millet Poaceae ​ Plantago major Broadleaf Plantain Plantaginaceae ​ Polygonum cuspidatum Japanese Knotweed Polygonaceae ​ Polygonum sachalinense Giant Knotweed Polygonaceae ​ Polygonum x bohemicum Bohemian Knotweed Polygonaceae ​ Portulaca oleracea Purslane, Common Portulacaceae ​ Potentilla recta Sulfur Cinquefoil Rosaceae ​ ​ Rumex acetosella Sheep Sorrel Polygonaceae ​ Saponaria officinalis Soapwort/BouncingBet Caryophyllaceae ​ Sonchus arvensis Perennial Sowthistle Asteraceae ​ Sorghum halapense Johnsongrass Poaceae ​ Tamarix spp. Tamarisk/Salt Cedar Tamaricaceae ​ Tanacetum vulgare Common Tansy Asteraceae ​ Tribulus terrestris Puncturevine Zygophyllaceae ​ Urtica dioica Stinging Nettle Urticaceae ​ Verbascum thapsus Common mullein Scrophulariaceae ​ III. Ecological Management p.172 to end ​ Find information under these headings in Part III in this order: Prevention Protection Understanding Agroecology Ecologically Based Pest Management Feeding the Soil Foodweb Holistic Management--working with ruminants Managing for Ecosystem Services Some more techniques that could be used within an agroecological 7 land design Certified Weed-free Forage (Straw and Hay) Hand-pulling and Digging Mowing Mulching to Suppress Weeder Geese Organic Herbicides Soil Solarization I. Introduction www.pixabay.com sciala ​ What is a Weed? “A plant where you don’t want it.” popular definition “A plant whose virtues have not yet been discovered.” ​ 8 Ralph Waldo Emerson in 1827 “Nature knows no plants as weeds.” Liberty Hyde Bailey, co-founder of the American Society for Horticultural Science “Theirs is a long and complicated story...the history of weeds is the history of man.” Botanist Edgar Anderson “If you don’t know the names of the plants that grow around you, how can you ​ call on your friends when you are in trouble?” ​ This last quote is the best I can remember of the words that got me started foraging in the early eighties. It’s from a poem in a chapbook by Abenaki writer and publisher, Joe Bruchac. These words still guide and inspire me. This pdf was written for my own information and for neighbors and friends who garden