Labor, Status And Power: Slave Foodways At James Madison's Montpelier AD 1810-1836 Item Type text; Electronic Thesis Authors Copperstone, Chance Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 04/10/2021 15:01:56 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/339046 LABOR, STATUS AND POWER: SLAVE FOODWAYS AT JAMES MADISON’S MONTPELIER AD 1810- 1836 by Chance Copperstone ____________________________ A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the SCHOOL OF ANTHROPOLOGY In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 2014 1 STATEMENT BY AUTHOR This thesis has been submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for an advanced degree at the University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under rules of the Library. Brief quotations from this thesis are allowable without special permission, provided that an accurate acknowledgement of the source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the head of the major department or the Dean of the Graduate College when in his or her judgment the proposed use of the material is in the interests of scholarship. In all other instances, however, permission must be obtained from the author. SIGNED: Chance Copperstone APPROVAL BY THESIS DIRECTOR This thesis has been approved on the date shown below: 15 December 2014 Barnet Pavao-Zuckerman Date Professor of Anthropology 2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First, I would like to thank my committee, Dr. Barnet Pavao-Zuckerman, Dr. Mary Stiner and Dr. Matt Reeves for their guidance and patience during the course of this project. I am also grateful to the staff of the Montpelier Archaeology Department that have provided various assistance during the course of this project including Kimberly Trickett, Samantha Henderson, Mark Trickett and Erica D’Elia. I would also like to thank the Research Department at Montpelier, particularly Hilarie Hicks, for providing numerous historical references presented in this document. Many thanks also go to Derek Anderson and Marybeth Harte, whose earlier work on the Montpelier faunal assemblages provided a solid research base from which to expand upon. Marybeth’s analysis of faunal material from the Stable Quarter makes an important contribution to this document. Much gratitude also goes to my fellow graduate student Nicole Mathwich, who aided in the analysis of the faunal material from the Field Quarter and reviewed many early drafts of this document. Thanks also to Tracie Mayfield, Ben Curry, Sarah Wolff, Donelle Huffer and Vicki Moses for freely sharing ideas, references and materials along the way. Lastly, I wish to thank Cynthia Reusche who provided the financial support necessary to ensure that this part of the lives of enslaved community at Montpelier could be told. 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................................. 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................................. 4 LIST OF FIGURES ......................................................................................................................... 6 LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................................................... 7 ABSTRACT ..................................................................................................................................... 9 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................. 10 CHAPTER 2: BACKGROUND .................................................................................................... 13 Environmental Background ....................................................................................................... 17 Historical Background ............................................................................................................... 18 Plantation Provisioning .............................................................................................................. 22 CHAPTER 3: THEORETICAL APPROACH .......................................................................... 24 Problem Orientation ................................................................................................................... 28 Previous Research ...................................................................................................................... 30 CHAPTER 4: METHODOLOGY ................................................................................................. 34 CHAPTER 5: RESULTS ............................................................................................................... 42 Results: South Yard ................................................................................................................... 44 Species Diversity ................................................................................................................... 46 Skeletal Portion Recoveries ................................................................................................... 46 Demographic Observations .................................................................................................... 47 Modifications ......................................................................................................................... 50 Results: Tobacco Barn ............................................................................................................... 53 Species Diversity ................................................................................................................... 55 Skeletal Portion Recoveries ................................................................................................... 56 Demographic Observations .................................................................................................... 57 Modifications ......................................................................................................................... 59 Results: Field Quarter ................................................................................................................ 61 Species Diversity ................................................................................................................... 63 Skeletal Portion Recoveries ................................................................................................... 64 Demographic Observations .................................................................................................... 65 4 Modifications ......................................................................................................................... 67 Results: Stable Quarter .............................................................................................................. 71 Species Diversity ................................................................................................................... 75 Skeletal Portion Recoveries ................................................................................................... 77 Demographic Observations .................................................................................................... 77 Modifications ......................................................................................................................... 80 Comparative Results: All Quarters ............................................................................................ 84 CHAPTER 6: DISCUSSION ......................................................................................................... 87 Provisioning at Montpelier ........................................................................................................ 87 Wild Game Procurement at Montpelier ..................................................................................... 88 Comparison to the Madison Household ..................................................................................... 90 Variation among Labor Groups ................................................................................................. 92 CHAPTER 7: CONCLUSIONS .................................................................................................... 98 REFERENCES CITED ................................................................................................................ 103 APPENDIX A: Montpelier Faunal Coding Key and Faunal Analysis Codes ............................. 111 5 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. The Montpelier Home Quarter and enslaved quarters (adapted from Montpelier Foundation 2014)……………........................................................................................................14 Figure 2. Percent Fragmentation for All Quarters (MNE/NISP)…………………………………44 Figure 3. South Yard, Pig teeth wear……………………………………………………………..49 Figure 4. South Yard, Cattle processing marks………………………………………………….52 Figure 5. South Yard, Caprine processing marks……………………………………………….52 Figure 6. South