THE INSTITUTE FOR A NA LY T I CA L P H I L AT E LY , INC . Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Analytical Methods in Philately Edited by John H. Barwis, Thomas Lera ABSTRACT Barwis, John H. and Thomas Lera. Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Analytical Methods in Philately. X + 144 pages, 159 figures, 18 tables, 2016. This publication contains papers pre- sented at the Second International Symposium on Analytical Methods in Philately at CHICAGOPEX 2015, hosted by the Institute of Analytical Philately, in Itasca, Illinois, November 2015. The papers range from computerized image analysis to statistical modeling, compositional and physical character- istics of stamps and paper, and the use of scientific equipment to determine whether a stamp is genuine or counterfeit. Some of the papers were funded, in part, by The Institute for Analytical Philately, Inc. and the use of non-destructive scientific equipment was provided by the Smithsonian National Postal Museum in Washington D.C. Published by The Institute for Analytical Philately, Inc. PMB 31 1668 Merriman Road Akron, OH 44313 Design and Layout by Amanda L. Morgenstern Printed by Wilcox Printing & Publishing, Inc., 102 S. Main St., PO Box 167, Madrid, IA 50156 Compilation copyright © 2016 The Institute for Analytical Philately, Inc. The rights to the text and images in this publication, including cover and interior design, are owned by The Institute for Analytical Philately, Inc. contributing authors, or third parties. Use of materials is permitted only for personal, educational, or noncommercial purposes. Users must cite author, source of content and are responsible for securing permission from the rights holder for any other use. ISBN: 978-0-9978529-0-5 (print); 978-0-9978529-9-8 (EPub/pdf) Contents WELCOME LETTERS vii John H. Barwis Allen Kane PREFACE ix John H. Barwis and Thomas Lera Keynote Address: Retrospective of Technical Research in Philately 1 Robert Odenweller Paper and Color Varieties of the People’s Republic of China “Workers and Soldiers” 9 Definitive Set of 1955-1961 Archie McKee The Admiral Issue of Canada: A Colorimetric and XRF Study of the Carmine 2¢ Issue 21 Richard Judge Towards a Stamp-Oriented Color Guide: Objectifying Classification by Color 31 John Cibulskis Resolving the Scanner Dependency in Color Matching 41 John Cibulskis Ink Composition of the U.S. 3c Stamps 1870-1883 49 John H. Barwis and Harry G. Brittain Digital Image Differencing of High Resolution Stamp Images 57 Robert Mustacich Measurements of Stamp Separation Features by Digital Image Analysis 73 Robert Mustacich Shade Verifications Using Tonal Histogram Analyses 87 Tim Lyerla Rosette Eagles of Mexico - Microscopic Analysis of Paper Content of Mystery 95 Mexican Stamps Confirms Origin and Date Farley Katz Modeling Postal History with Postal Numbers 103 Diane DeBlois & Robert Harris Canada 1868 Two Cent Large Queen on Laid Paper Variety: The Analytical 115 Process Followed for Expertization Ted Nixon A General Characterization of the Purpose, Role and Responsibilities of 125 Experts and Expertizing Groups When Addressing “Damaged Material” Jonas Hällström ABSTRACTS Analysis of Pigment Composition of the U.S. 5c 1847 Issue 131 Gordon Eubanks The Use of X-ray Fluorescence in Detecting Philatelic Forgeries 133 Thomas Lera A New Technique for Analyzing the Optical Spectra of Stamp Inks: 135 U.S. 1861 Stamps Ted Liston Application of Advanced Tools to Persian Philately 137 Joe Youssefi SUPPORT THE INSTITUTE FOR ANALYTICAL PHILATELY 139 APPLICATION FOR AN IAP RESEARCH GRANT 141 2017 CALL FOR PAPERS FOR THE 143 THIRD INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM IN LONDON • vii Welcome Letters July 15, 2016 The contributions published here reflect a small but rapidly growing area of our hobby: the use of science and technology to better understand how philatelic materials were made, and better define what makes them genuine. Yet for every such study being done, ideas from fellow collectors suggest at least five intriguing research ideas not being pursued. I believe there are three reasons for this. The first is, “I don’t know what questions to ask!” That may be true, but you do know what sparked your curiosity/ A short, informal conversation with any member of the IAP board can help clarify the kinds of analyses that could shed light on the mystery at hand. Some of the papers in this volume document authors’ first forays into technical work. No need to be embarrassed about asking questions – we are all learners. The second is, “I don’t know how to run any of the lab equipment, and won’t un- derstand the data produced!” Again, there is no cause for worry. At the National Postal Museum’s lab, you, the researcher, will be taught how to use the equipment, interpret the data, and draw conclusions from the results. The process is far easier than you might imagine. The third is, “I cannot afford to do this.” Cost will not be burdensome. Not only will your analyses at the National Postal Museum cost you nothing, but your travel and lodging expenses could be paid by an IAP research grant. The IAP exists solely to help you, so please jump in and enjoy the fun! John H. Barwis Institute of Analytical Philately, President July 15, 2016 It is my great pleasure to present the Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Analytical Methods in Philately, hosted by the Institute of Analytical Philately and Smithsonian National Postal Museum (NPM) on 17–18 November 2015, in Itasca, Illinois immediately prior to the Chicago Philatelic Society Stamp Exhibition. This second international symposium offered an opportunity for interested philatelists and scientists to get together, share their methodologies, highlight new technologies, provide long-term, wide-ranging benefits to all aspects of philately, and help set the course for future forensic analyses in the philatelic arena. Our close working relationship over the past six years with the Institute for Analytical Philately, Inc. was a huge plus for philatelists because the NPM allowed use state-of-the-art equipment for their advanced research efforts. The success of the symposium was due in large part to John Barwis, president, James Allen, director, and Thomas Lera, NPM Winton M. Blount Research Chair as well as the speakers and the more than 80 attendees. Special thanks go to James Allen who coor- dinated the two-day event. Without his efforts, the symposium would not have been as great a success. If you enjoy these papers as much as I hope you will, please continue to support the Institute for Analytical Philately, the National Postal Museum, and future symposia. Allen Kane Director, National Postal Museum • ix Preface he Institute for Analytical Philately, Inc. (IAP) was formed in 2010 as a phil- anthropic, nonprofit corporation dedicated to deepening the understanding of Tphilatelic materials through the use of scientific technology and publication of experimental results. The support IAP provides can be tailored to the needs of any philatelist, from those with no scientific background to those with advanced degrees in science or engineering. IAP grants typically range from $2,000 to $4,000 and are intended to help fund travel, lodging, and laboratory use. Additional funding may be available through cost sharing with alliance members, who can also provide advice on previous work done in a particular area or help to conceive and plan a research effort. Detailed information on grants can be found on page 141. Researchers may conduct their work anywhere they choose, but are encouraged to take advantage of the facilities and expertise available at IAP’s centers of excellence, like the state-of-the-art equipment and experienced advisors found available at the Center for Ink and Printability at Western Michigan University and at the Smithsonian National Postal Museum. This book contains papers presented at the Second International Symposium on Analytical Methods in Philately, in Itasca, Illinois, November 17–18, 2015. Readers will find insights to research methods used across the entire spectrum of philatelic interests, from the composition and physical characteristics of paper, to the chemistry and mineralogy of printing ink, to determining the genuineness of stamps and overprints, to the uses of adhesives on cover. Some of these projects were funded in part by IAP. Some of the presenters have already had their research published and for those presentations abstracts and citations are included. The next international symposium is scheduled to be held in London on October 13–15, 2017. In the meantime, we encourage you to get involved in investigating phila- telic mysteries. For more information about IAP visit www.analyticalphilately.org. All Scott Numbers listed in this book are from the six volume Scott 2015 standard postage stamp catalogue. Sidney, OH: Scott Publishing Company. (Vol. 1. United States and affiliated territories, United Nations, Countries of the World A-B; Vol. 2. Countries of the World C-F; Vol. 3. Countries of the World G-I; Vol. 4. Countries of the World J-M, Vol. 5. Countries of the World N-Sam; and, Vol. 6. Countries of the World San-Z). John H. Barwis, FRPSL, FRPSV Thomas Lera, FRPSL Keynote Address: Retrospective of Technical Research in Philately Robert Odenweller We have gathered here for two days to discuss analytical inspection of philatelic material. A number of presentations will concentrate on techniques and procedures that have be- come available in recent years. It’s only natural to think advanced techniques are a recent discovery. Not so. 1910-1960 What was high tech in 1910? A couple of magnifying glasses, 3x and 10x preferably, a perf gauge, and watermark fluid. Later on, a UV lamp may have been added to the list (Fig. 1). But more than 100 years ago, a major innovator introduced a microscope he had expressly designed for examining stamps.