Chapter Six: Activist Agendas and Visions after Stonewall (1969-1973) Documents 103-108: Gay Liberation Manifestos, 1969-1970 The documents reprinted in The Stonewall Riots are “Gay Revolution Comes Out,” Rat, 12 Aug. 1969, 7; North American Conference of Homophile Organizations Committee on Youth, “A Radical Manifesto—The Homophile Movement Must Be Radicalized!” 28 Aug. 1969, reprinted in Stephen Donaldson, “Student Homophile League News,” Gay Power (1.2), c. Sep. 1969, 16, 19-20; Preamble, Gay Activists Alliance Constitution, 21 Dec. 1969, Gay Activists Alliance Records, Box 18, Folder 2, New York Public Library; Carl Wittman, “Refugees from Amerika: A Gay Manifesto,” San Francisco Free Press, 22 Dec. 1969, 3-5; Martha Shelley, “Gay is Good,” Rat, 24 Feb. 1970, 11; Steve Kuromiya, “Come Out, Wherever You Are! Come Out,” Philadelphia Free Press, 27 July 1970, 6-7. For related early sources on gay liberation agendas and philosophies in New York, see “Come Out for Freedom,” Come Out!, 14 Nov. 1969, 1; Bob Fontanella, “Sexuality and the American Male,” Come Out!, 14 Nov. 1969, 15; Lois Hart, “Community Center,” Come Out!, 14 Nov. 1969, 15; Leo Louis Martello, “A Positive Image for the Homosexual,” Come Out!, 14 Nov. 1969, 16; “An Interview with New York City Liberationists,” San Francisco Free Press, 7 Dec. 1969, 5; Bob Martin, “Radicalism and Homosexuality,” Come Out!, 10 Jan. 1970, 4; Allan Warshawsky and Ellen Bedoz, “G.L.F. and the Movement,” Come Out!,” 10 Jan. 1970, 4-5; Red Butterfly, “Red Butterfly,” Come Out!, 10 Jan. 1970, 4-5; Bob Kohler, “Where Have All the Flowers Gone,” Come Out!, 10 Jan. 1970, 14; Martha Shelley, “More Radical Than Thou,” Come Out!, 10 Jan. 1970, 7; Jim Fouratt, “Word Thoughts,” Come Out!, 10 Jan. 1970, 14; Lois Hart, “GLF News,” Come Out!, 10 Jan. 1970, 16; “28th of June Cell,” Come Out!, 10 Jan. 1970, 15; “GLF,” Come Out!, Apr. 1970, 2; Bob Kohler, “Right On!!,” Come Out!, Apr. 1970, 5; Pat Maxwell, “Homosexuals in the Movement,” Come Out!, Apr. 1970, 8-9; Steve Dansky, “Hey Man,” Come Out!, June 1970, 5; Craig Rodwell, “50 Years of Gay Life in America: 1970” Queen’s Quarterly, Fall 1970, 9, 52; Dennis Altman, “One Man’s Gay Liberation,” Come Out!, Dec. 1970, 20. For related early sources on gay liberation agendas and philosophies in California, see Leo E. Laurence, “Gays Rising,” Berkeley Tribe, 5 Sep. 1969, 7, 18; Konstantin Berlandt, “Been Down So Long It Looks Like Up to Me,” Berkeley Tribe, 12 Sep. 1969, 5, 21; “Homosexual Rights,” Berkeley Barb, 12 Sep. 1969, 4; “Homosexual Liberation,” Berkeley Tribe, 10 Oct. 1969, 25; Don Jackson, “Gay Liberation Movement Invades Los Angeles,” Berkeley Barb, 24 Oct. 1969, 5; Stevens McClave, “Manifesto for Gay Liberation Theatre,” San Francisco Free Press, 16 Oct. 1969, 4; “The New Gay World of Gale Whittington,” Tangents, Oct. 1969, 4-9; “A Talk with Leo Laurence,” Tangents, Oct. 1969, 24-30; Stevens McClave, “An Army of Lovers Cannot Be Defeated,” San Francisco Free Press, 1 Nov. 1969, 10; Leo E. Laurence, “Gays Rising Up Angry,” Berkeley Tribe, 7 Nov. 1969, 8; “Gay Is Beautiful!” Berkeley Tribe, 7 Nov. 1969, 7; Leo E. Laurence, “Berkeley Gay Movement,” Berkeley Tribe, 14 Nov. 1969, 25; Gary Alinder, “Alternative Culture,” San Francisco Free Press, 15 Nov. 1969, 10; “Gay Lib Weekend,” Berkeley Tribe, 27 Nov. 1969, 18; Reese Erlich, “Berkeley’s Berlandt, Gay 1 Liberation for Gay Dignity,” Los Angeles Free Press, 5 Dec. 1969, 5; Michael Francis Itkin, “The Homosexual Liberation Movement: What Direction?” Berkeley Barb, 5 Dec. 1969, 16; “A Gay Proposal,” Berkeley Tribe, 5 Dec. 1969, 6; Marcus [Overseth], “Grows Rapidly: What Kind of People?” San Francisco Free Press, 7 Dec. 1969, 6; Paul Goodman, “Memoirs of an Ancient Activist,” Berkeley Barb, 12 Dec. 1969, 7; Douglas Key, “Gay Power Groups Pull It Together,” Los Angeles Free Press, 19 Dec. 1969, 20; Leo E. Laurence, “Homogenous Homosexuals,” Berkeley Tribe, 19 Dec. 1969, 11; “Gay Sandwich,” Berkeley Tribe, 26 Dec. 1969, 6; “Berkeley Gay Liberation Front Fact Sheet,” Jan. 1970, reprinted in Committee for Homosexual Freedom Newsletter, 11 Jan. 1970, 5; “Gay Confab Comes Up With Three-Way Split,” Berkeley Barb, 2 Jan. 1970, 7; Don Jackson, “Homosexual Violence Predicted,” Los Angeles Free Press, 16 Jan. 1970, 20; M. [Marcus] Overseth, “Inside Look at Where We Stand,” San Francisco Free Press (1.9), c. Feb. 1970, 5, reprinted as Marcus Overseth, “Gay Liberation: An Inside View,” Gay Power (1.12), c. Mar. 1970, 8; “Statement of Purpose – Gay Liberation Front Los Angeles, Calif.,” Gay Power (1.11), c. Feb. 1970, 10 (reprinted in Come Out!, Apr. 1970, 16); Konstantin Berlandt, “Gay Holiday,” Berkeley Tribe, 13 Mar. 1970, 6, 23; Stevens, “Gay Consciousness,” Berkeley Tribe, 20 Mar. 1970, 8, 22; Don Jackson, “L.A. Gay Riots Predicted,” Gay Power (1.17), c. May 1970, 15, 20; “Break out of the Closet,” Berkeley Tribe, 19 June 1970, 13; Charles Thorp, “I. D., Leadership and Violence,” San Francisco Gay Free Press (2.11), 1970, 4, 5, 12. See also related sources in Chapter 2. For related early sources on gay liberation agendas and philosophies in Chicago, see “Other Homophile Groups,” Mattachine Midwest Newsletter, Nov. 1969, 2; “Chicago Gay Liberation Group Forms,” Mattachine Midwest Newsletter, Nov. 1969, 3; Chicago Gay Liberation, “Statement of Human Rights,” Chicago Gay Liberation Newsletter, 18 June 1970, 4; Rich Larsen, “Gay Liberation—Midwest Regional Conference,” Chicago Gay Liberation Newsletter, Aug. 1970, 2-3. For related early sources on gay liberation agendas and philosophies in Philadelphia, see Steve Kuromiya, “Just A Kiss Away,” Philadelphia Plain Dealer, 4 June 1970, 5; Basil O’Brien, “Gay Liberation Front Doesn’t Want Your Acceptance,” Distant Drummer, 18 June 1970, 5; Gay Liberation Front, Philadelphia Free Press, 27 July 1970, cover; Tom Ashe and Basil O’Brien, Philadelphia Free Press, 27 July 1970, 6-7; Steve Kuromiya, Philadelphia Free Press, 27 July 1970, 6; Stan Luxenberg, “Is ‘Gay’ an Accepted Word?” Thursday’s Drummer, 31 Dec. 1970, 1; Gay Dealer, c. Dec. 1970. For related sources on the North American Conference of Homophile Organizations and the Eastern Regional Conference of Homophile Organizations, see Stephen Donaldson, “NACHO ’69 Meeting Stresses Varied Projects,” Los Angeles Advocate, Nov. 1969, 2, 27, 28, 29; Resolution, Eastern Regional Conference of Homophile Organizations, Nov. 1969, reprinted in C. F. [Carole Friedman], “In the Movement: ERCHO Report, Homophile Action League Newsletter, Jan. 1970, 5-7; Madolin Cervantes, “Autumn Conference of E.R.C.H.O. Meets in Philadelphia,” GAY, 1 Dec. 1969, 3, 10; “ERCHO Spring Conference,” Gay Power (1.7), c. Dec. 1969, 6; Bob Martin, “ERCHO Meeting Adopts Radical Manifesto,” Los Angeles Advocate, Jan. 1970, 24; Dick Leitsch, “N.A.C.H.O. 70--San Francisco,” Mattachine Times, Sep. 1970, 9-12; Rob Cole, “Old, 2 New Ideas Tangle at NACHO Convention,” Los Angeles Advocate, 30 Sep. 1970, 1-2, 6- 7, 12, 23; Jim Kepner, “Angles on the News: NACHO in Future-Shock,” Los Angeles Advocate, 30 Sep. 1970, 2, 13; Jim Rankin, “NACHO Upside Down,” Gay Sunshine, Oct. 1970, 4; Rob Cole, “NACHO ‘Liberated’ on Final Day,” Los Angeles Advocate, 14 Oct. 1970, 8, 11. For homophile activist responses to gay liberation, see Price Dickenson, “What Is ‘Gay Power’?” Mattachine Society of New York Newsletter, Sep. 1969, 1-2; Carole Friedman, “Whither the Movement,” Homophile Action League Newsletter, Nov. 1969, 1-3; Edward Sagarin, “Behind the Gay Liberation Front,” Realist, May 1970, 17; “Rumors! Rumors! Rumors!?!” Mattachine Times, June 1971, 1-2; “In the Beginning,” Gay Activist, June 1971, 3, 14; “The Night They Raided the Stonewall,” Gay Activist, June 1971, 4, 12; Jim Kepner, “When Did Gay Militancy Begin,” The Advocate, 23 Dec. 1971, 2, 10; Randy Wicker, “The Stonewall Myth: Lies about Gay Liberation,” GAY, 9 Apr. 1973, 4-5. For related sources on the Gay Activists Alliance in New York, see Leo Louis Martello, “Gay Activists Alliance Forms in New York City, Los Angeles Advocate, Mar. 1970, 1, 15; “GAA—Then ‘Til Now,” Gay Activist, Apr. 1971, 6; Frank Conner, “GAA—The Second Year,” Gay Activist, Dec. 1971, 3, 12, 16; “Where the Action Was,” Gay Activist, Dec. 1971, 9; Morty Manford and Arthur Evans, “The Theory and Practice of Confrontation Tactics,” GAY, 12 Feb. 1973, 18-19; Morty Manford and Arthur Evans, “The Theory and Practice of Confrontation Tactics: The Political Function of Zaps,” GAY, 26 Feb. 1973, 17-18; Morty Manford and Arthur Evans, “The Theory and Practice of Confrontation Tactics: How to Zap,” GAY, 12 March 1973, 17. For related sources on Wittman’s “Refugees from Amerika,” see Carl Wittman, “Waves of Resistance,” Liberation, Nov. 1968, 29-33; “Talking to Gays,” Committee for Homosexual Freedom Newsletter, 22 Apr. 1969, 1; “Grass Roots Support,” Committee for Homosexual Freedom Newsletter, 29 Apr. 1969, 2; “Homosexual Liberation,” Berkeley Tribe, 10 Oct. 1969, 25; “Refugees from Amerika: A Gay Perspective,” Berkeley Tribe, 26 Dec. 1969, 12; “Gay Lib Stirs Up Fem Lib,” Berkeley Barb, 2 Jan. 1970, 3; Carl Wittman, Liberation, Feb. 1970; Bob Kohler, “Right On!!,” Come Out!, Apr. 1970, 5; “S.F. Militant Issues Manifesto,” GAY, 20 Apr. 1970, 3, 15; Bob Kohler, “Right On!!,” Come Out!, Apr. 1970, 5; “Gay Pride Week, 1970,” Mattachine Midwest Newsletter, July 1970, 1; Rich Larsen, “Gay Liberation—Midwest Regional Conference,” Chicago Gay Liberation Newsletter, Aug. 1970, 2-3; “A Gay Manifesto,” Los Angeles Free Press, 14 Aug. 1970, 56-57, 53; “Literature from Rep,” Gay Liberator, Dec. 1970, 11. Documents 109-113: Lesbian Feminist Manifestos, 1969-1973 The documents reprinted in The Stonewall Riots are Radicalesbians, “The Woman-Identified Woman,” Come Out!, June 1970, 12-13; Lesbian Workshop, Revolutionary People’s Constitutional Convention, “Lesbian Demands: Panther Constitution Convention,” Come Out!, Sep.