May 2013 Bridging Spatial & Tourism Development through Effective Collaboration (Case Study: Sail Morotai 2012, North Maluku - Indonesia) KURNIATI SILLIA This thesis is written as a final assignment for the Master Degree in Urban Environmental Management, specialization Land Use Planning, at Wageningen University Droevendaalsesteg 3 6708 PB Wageningen The Netherlands Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Arnold van der Valk Land Use Planning Group Wageningen University & Research Center Co-examiner: Dr. Claudia Basta Land Use Planning Group Wageningen University & Research Center Author: Kurniati Sillia (Reg. No. 810330-489-020) [email protected] Wageningen, April 2013 Msc Thesis in Land Use Planning (LUP-80439) Program: Msc in Urban Environmental Managemenet (MUE) ii ACKNOWLEDGMENT I would like to express my gratitude to my supervisor Arnold van der Valk, whose advice, support, feedback and valuable guidance has motivated me on completing my thesis project. I dedicate my work to in memoriam my father Drs. H. Rasyid Sillia, who I know would be so proud of my achievement, my mother Hj. Nurjani Tukuboya, whose love, support and pray always accompanying me during my stay in The Netherlands and my brothers M. Irwansyah Sillia & M. Fahrezal Sillia who have become the sources of my strength and my encouragement. Also, I am so grateful to all my best friends in Wageningen who have become huge supporters to share joys and sorrows in “The City of Life Science”. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENT .............................................................................................................................. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................................................. iv LIST OF FIGURES .................................................................................................................................... vii LIST OF TABLES ..................................................................................................................................... viii LIST OF ABBREVIATION ........................................................................................................................ ix ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................................................. x SUMMARY ................................................................................................................................................. xi 1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 Background ................................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Problem Statement ........................................................................................................................ 2 1.3 Research Objective ....................................................................................................................... 3 1.4 Research Question & Sub-questions ............................................................................................. 3 1.5 Thesis Structure ............................................................................................................................ 3 1.6 Conclusion .................................................................................................................................... 4 2 RESEARCH DESIGN .......................................................................................................................... 5 2.1 Research Methods ......................................................................................................................... 5 2.2 Research strategy .......................................................................................................................... 5 2.2.1 Grounded Theory .................................................................................................................. 5 2.2.2 Case Study ............................................................................................................................ 5 2.3 Data Collection ............................................................................................................................. 6 2.3.1 Interview ............................................................................................................................... 6 2.3.2 Document Analysis ............................................................................................................... 7 2.3.3 Literature Study..................................................................................................................... 7 2.4 Data Analysis ................................................................................................................................ 8 2.5 Research Framework..................................................................................................................... 8 2.6 Conclusion .................................................................................................................................... 8 3 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK ...................................................................................................... 10 3.1 Spatial Planning .......................................................................................................................... 10 3.1.1 The Planning Process .......................................................................................................... 10 3.1.2 The Concept of Spatial Planning ........................................................................................ 11 3.1.3 The Challenges of Spatial Planning .................................................................................... 12 3.1.4 Strategic Spatial Plan .......................................................................................................... 12 iv 3.2 Tourism Planning ........................................................................................................................ 13 3.2.1 Theory of Tourism Planning ............................................................................................... 13 3.2.2 Key Actor on Implementing Tourism Planning .................................................................. 15 3.2.3 The Impacts of Tourism ...................................................................................................... 17 3.3 Collaborative Planning ................................................................................................................ 18 3.3.1 The Concept of Collaborative Planning .............................................................................. 18 3.3.2 The Challenges on Implementing Collaborative Planning ................................................. 18 3.4 The Role of Collaborative Planning in Integrating Spatial & Tourism Plans ............................. 19 3.5 Conceptual Model ....................................................................................................................... 21 3.6 Conclusion .................................................................................................................................. 22 4 CASE STUDY RESULTS .................................................................................................................. 23 4.1 Spatial Planning in Indonesia ...................................................................................................... 23 4.1.1 Indonesia’s Spatial Planning Before 1992 .......................................................................... 23 4.1.2 Indonesia’s Spatial Planning After 1992 ............................................................................. 25 4.1.3 Spatial Planning in North Maluku....................................................................................... 26 4.1.4 The Limitations of Spatial Planning in North Maluku ........................................................ 26 4.2 Research Location ....................................................................................................................... 27 4.2.1 North Maluku ...................................................................................................................... 27 4.2.2 Sail Morotai 2012................................................................................................................ 32 4.3 Interview ..................................................................................................................................... 34 4.3.1 Ineffective Bottom-up Planning Approach ......................................................................... 35 4.3.2 Tourism Role in North Maluku Regional Development ..................................................... 36 4.3.3 The Integration Between Spatial and Tourism Planning .................................................... 38 4.3.4 The Barriers on Integrating Spatial and Tourism Planning................................................. 40 4.3.5 Collaborative Planning in North Maluku ............................................................................ 41 4.4 Document .................................................................................................................................... 43 4.4.1 The Outline of RTRW & RIPPDA ......................................................................................