Study Guide for MIDI Arranging Final Be able to identify the following: Common musical terms a cappella, diatonic, arpeggio, cadenza, divisi, and Tacit Common dynamic markings and meanings ppp, pp, p mp mf, f, ff, fff, crescendo, decrescendo Common bowing styles Arco, Tremolo, Staccato, Legato and Pizzacato Identify tempo markings Andante moderate “walking” tempo Allegro fast a tempo back to original tempo Largo Very Slow. Presto Very Quick Adagio Slow Accelerando Growing Faster Rubato Freely, without time Playable ranges for the following instruments. (sounding, and written ranges) Flute B3 – A6 Trumpet (Bb) E3 – C6> Transposes up a major2nd Trombone (tenor) E2 – F4 Alto Saxophone Db3- Ab5 Transposes up a major 6th Tenor Saxophone Ab2 – Eb5 Transposes up a major 9th Baritone Saxophone C2 – Ab4 Transposes up a major 13th Guitar E2 – B5> Transposes up an octave Bass (4 string) E1 – G4> Transposes up an octave French Horn in F Bb1 – F5> Transposes up a perfect 5th Note articulation marks with its correct name and meaning 1. Marcato- The note is played somewhat louder or more forcefully than a note with a regular accent mark (open horizontal wedge). 2. Fermata- An indefinitely-sustained note, chord, or rest. Usually appears over all parts at the same metrical location in a piece, to show a halt in tempo. It can be placed above or below the note. 3. Tenuto- This symbol has several meanings: It most common indicates that a note be played for its full value, or slightly longer. 4. Accent- The note is played louder or with a harder attack than surrounding unaccented notes. May appear on notes of any duration. 5. Pizzacato or Stopped Note- A note on a stringed instrument where the string is plucked with the left hand (the hand that usually stops the strings) rather than bowed. On the horn, this accent indicates a "stopped note" (a note played with the stopping hand shoved further into the bell of the horn). 6. Staccato- This indicates that the note is to be played shorter than notated, usually half the value, the rest of the metric value is then silent. Staccato marks may appear on notes of any value, shortening their performed duration without speeding the music itself. Note Relationship with its correct name and meaning Tuplet- A number of notes of irregular duration are performed within the duration of a given number of notes of regular time value; e.g., five notes played in the normal duration of four notes; seven notes played in the normal duration of two; three notes played in the normal duration of four. Tuplets are named according to the number of irregular notes; e.g., duplets, triplets, quadruplets, etc. Slur- Indicates that two or more notes are to be played in one physical stroke, one uninterrupted breath, or (on instruments with neither breath nor bow) connected into a phrase as if played in a single breath. In certain contexts, a slur may only indicate that the notes are to be played legato. Glissando or Portemento- A continuous, unbroken glide from one note to the next that includes the pitches between. Some instruments, such as the trombone, timpani, non-fretted string instruments, electronic instruments, and the human voice can make this glide continuously (portamento), while other instruments such as the piano or mallet instruments will blur the discrete pitches between the start and end notes to mimic a continuous slide (glissando). Chord- Several notes sounded simultaneously ("solid" or "block"), or in succession ("broken"). Two-note chords are called dyad; three-note chords are called triads. A chord may contain any number of notes. Tie- Indicates that the two (or more) notes joined together are to be played as one note with the time values added together. To be a tie, the notes must be identical; that is, they must be on the same line or the same space; otherwise, it is a slur. Phrase Mark-A phrase mark (or less commonly, ligature) is a mark that is visually identical to a slur, but connects a passage of music over several notes or measures. A phrase mark indicates a musical phrase and may not necessarily require that the music be slurred. In vocal music, a phrase mark usually shows how each syllable in the lyrics is to be sung. Arpeggiated Chord-A chord with notes played in rapid succession, usually ascending, each note being sustained as the others are played. Also called a "broken chord". Match the Clef symbol with it correct name and meaning The C clef- Points to the line (or space, rarely) representing middle C, or approximately 262 Hz. Positioned here, it makes the center line on the staff middle C, and is referred to as the "alto clef." This clef is used in modern notation for the viola. While all clefs can be placed anywhere on the staff to indicate various tessitura, the C clef is most often considered a "movable" clef: it is frequently seen pointing instead to the fourth line and called a "tenor clef". This clef is used very often in music written for bassoon, cello, and trombone; it replaces the bass clef when the number of ledger lines above the bass staff hinders easy reading. The Octave clef- Treble and bass clefs can also be modified by octave numbers. An eight or fifteen above a clef raises the intended pitch range by one or two octaves respectively. Similarly, an eight or fifteen below a clef lowers the pitch range by one or two octaves respectively. A treble clef with an eight below is the most commonly used, typically used instead of a C clef for tenor lines in choral scores. Even if the eight is not present, tenor parts in the treble clef are understood to be sung an octave lower than written. The G clef or Treble clef- The centre of the spiral defines the line or space upon which it rests as the pitch G above middle C, or approximately 392 Hz. Positioned here, it assigns G above middle C to the second line from the bottom of the staff, and is referred to as the "treble clef." This is the most commonly encountered clef in modern notation, and is used for most modern vocal music. Middle-C is the 1st ledger line below the stave here. The shape of the clef comes from a stylised upper-case-G. The Neutral clef- Used for pitchless instruments, such as some of those used for percussion. Each line can represent a specific percussion instrument within a set, such as in a drum set. Two different styles of neutral clefs are pictured here. It may also be drawn with a separate single-line staff for each untuned percussion instrument. The F clef or Bass clef- The line or space between the dots in this clef denotes F below middle C, or approximately 175 Hz. Positioned here, it makes the second line from the top of the staff F below middle C, and is called a "bass clef." This clef appears nearly as often as the treble clef, especially in choral music, where it represents the bass and baritone voices. Middle C is the 1st ledger line above the stave here. The shape of the clef comes from a stylised upper-case-F (which used to be written the reverse of the modern F). Identify following repetition, coda and break symbols Multi-measure rests Dal segno Breath Mark Simile marks Caesura Piano pedal engage/release Coda Da capo- “from the top” Volta Brackets- numbered endings Repeat signs Segno- mark used for dal segno Tremolo MIDI/Pro Tools Questions will include • MIDI Expression (#11), Breath Control (#2), Modulation (#1) and Volume (#7) are examples of MIDI CC (Control Change) continuous control commands. • Remember that continuous control commands are a subset of MIDI CC (control change) • The MIDI Editor window in Pro Tools 8> has it’s own tool bar, with a separate grid, nudge and edit tools and edit modes. • The MIDI Thru function must be enabled to monitor MIDI-compatible tracks while recording • An instrument track is a combination of a MIDI track and an Aux track • In order to automate a plug-ins controls using real-time automation, you must Enable the controls you want to automate in the plug-ins automation dialog window, then Write Enable the Plug-Ins button in the Automation window and Change the tracks Automation mode to Write, Latch or Touch mode. • Even though they appear in what seems to be an automation playlist, MIDI CC data like MIDI Pan, MIDI Volume, Velocity and Pitch Bend are written to the MIDI region and are not part the automation playlist. • In Pro Tools, the default standard pitch for middle C is Middle C = C3 but can be changed to C4 or Note “60” • The major differences between the MIDI Real-Time Properties Edit Window View and the Real-Time Properties floating Window (cmnd+4) are… The Real-Time Properties Edit Window view only applies to tracks and all regions on the track are affected. The Real-Time Properties floating window view can be applied to individually selected regions on the same track, or to the entire track. The Real-Time Properties floating window has more options than the Real-Time properties Edit window. The Real-Time Properties floating window can actually write the properties to the selected track or regions. Final Practical • Study four part voicings in drop 2 & 4 structures • Concerted style means to harmonize every note in a melody. • Chorale style means to have the upper two voices in the Treble clef and the lower two voices in the bass clef.