UNIVERSITY KASDI MERBAH - OUARGLA FACULTY OF APPLIED SCIENCES DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DISSERTATION MASTER ACADEMIC Domain: Science and Technology Specialty: Mechanical engineering Option: Energetic engineering Title Biofuel plants site selection integrating multi-criteria decision aid methods and GIS techniques in Algeria: A case study of Ouargla Presented by: Maàmri Mohamed Abderrahmane Drid Mohamed Amine In June 2021 In front of the jury: President: Mr H. Belahya MCB University Kasdi Merbah - Ouargla Examiner: Mr A. Gouareh MCB University Kasdi Merbah - Ouargla Promoter: Mrs B. Recioui MCB University Kasdi Merbah - Ouargla Co-Promoter: Mr D.Messaoudi PHD University Kasdi Merbah - Ouargla Academic year: 2020/2021 Acknowledgement We would like first to thank Almighty Allah for the courage and patience that He granted us to achieve this humble work. We express our gratitude to our Supervisor and Promoter Mrs. Recioui Bakhta, for its availability and permanent follow-up, and to provide many tips and constructive criticism for the development of this research. We also thank Mr. Djilali Messaoudi. The assistant supervisor, the one who gave us time and strength and helped us a lot We thank the members of the jury In their honor they made us agree to evaluate our project Mr. Hocine Belahya as President. Mr. Abderrahmane Gouareh as an examiner. Our sincere thanks to all the teachers who contributed to our training during our study. We can't forget too to thank our families for their support along the route. Finally, we thank all the friends from near or far and everyone who knew. Thank you to all of you Summary Figures List ........................................................................................................................................... I Table List ............................................................................................................................................. II Abbreviations List ............................................................................................................................. III General Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 1 CHAPTER I: General on biomass and biofuels 1.1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 4 1.2. Biomass .......................................................................................................................................... 4 1.3. Resources of biomass .................................................................................................................... 5 1.3.1. Wood and products ................................................................................................................ 5 1.3.2. Agricultural crops and waste ................................................................................................ 6 1.3.3. Food and household waste ..................................................................................................... 6 1.3.4. Animal manure and human waste ........................................................................................ 6 1.4. Properties of biomass .................................................................................................................... 6 1.5. Main conversions of energy recovery from biomass ................................................................. 7 1.5.1. Thermo-chemical conversions of biomass ............................................................................ 7 A) Gasification .............................................................................................................................. 8 B) Combustion .............................................................................................................................. 8 C) Pyrolysis ................................................................................................................................... 8 1.5.2. Biochemical conversions of biomass ..................................................................................... 8 A) Fermentation ............................................................................................................................ 8 B) Anaerobic Digestion ................................................................................................................ 9 1.6. Biofuels ........................................................................................................................................... 9 1.6.1. Types of biofuels ..................................................................................................................... 9 A) Biogas ........................................................................................................................................ 9 B) Bioethanol ................................................................................................................................. 9 C) Biodiesel .................................................................................................................................. 10 D) Bio-Oil ..................................................................................................................................... 10 1.6.2. Production of biofuels .......................................................................................................... 10 A) First generation the first generation .................................................................................... 11 B) Second generation .................................................................................................................. 11 C) Third generation .................................................................................................................... 11 1.7. Advantages and disadvantages of biomass and biofuels ......................................................... 11 1.7.1. Advantages ............................................................................................................................ 11 1.7.2. Disadvantages ....................................................................................................................... 12 1.8. Conclusion ................................................................................................................................... 13 CHAPTER II: The potential of biomass and biofuel production: A case study of Ouargla 2.1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 15 2.2. Description of study area (Ouargla) .......................................................................................... 15 2.3. Biomass potential in algeria ....................................................................................................... 16 2.3.1. Potential of the forest ........................................................................................................... 16 2.3.2. Household and similar waste ............................................................................................... 16 2.4. Biomass potential and biofuel production in ouargla .............................................................. 16 2.4.1. Biomass potential .................................................................................................................. 17 A) Municipal waste production ................................................................................................. 17 B) Animal wastes production ..................................................................................................... 18 C) Palm waste production .......................................................................................................... 19 2.4.2. Biogas potential .................................................................................................................... 21 A) Biogas production from municipal waste ............................................................................ 21 B) Biogas production from animal waste ................................................................................. 21 C) Biogas production from palm waste .................................................................................... 21 2.4.3. Total potential ....................................................................................................................... 22 2.5. Conclusion ................................................................................................................................... 26 CHAPTER III: Multi-criteria decision aid methods and GIS techniques 3.1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 28 3.2. GIS-Based MCDA ....................................................................................................................... 28 3.2.1. Geographic information systems (GIS) .............................................................................. 28 3.2.2. GIS uses ................................................................................................................................. 29 3.2.3. Multi-criteria decision aid (MCDA) ................................................................................... 30 3.3. Materials and methods ..............................................................................................................