PHERSONS HEALTH COLLEGE MODULE THREE .................................................................................................................................. 5 RUDIMENTS OF DISPENSING .................................................................................................................. 5 OVERVIEW ........................................................................................................................................... 5 DISPENSING I ....................................................................................................................................... 6 SECTION A ............................................................................................................................................ 6 SECTION B .......................................................................................................................................... 18 INTRODUCTION TO RATIONAL DRUG USE ................................................................................ 18 BASIC PRECAUTIONS IN DRUG USE ........................................................................................ 19 COMMON MISUSED AND ABUSED DRUGS ............................................................................ 21 CONSEQUENCES OF DRUG OVERDOSE AND UNDER DOSE ............................................... 21 SECTION C .......................................................................................................................................... 22 HANDLING UNWHOLESOME, DETERIORATED AND EXPIRED DRUGS ............................... 22 Some Causes of unwholesome Products ........................................................................................... 22 SECTION D .......................................................................................................................................... 24 DOSAGE FORMS AND ROUTES OF ADMINISTRATION ............................................................ 24 DRUG DOSAGE FORMS: .............................................................................................................. 24 SOME COMMON DOSAGE FORMS ............................................................................................ 24 DRUG ADMINISTRATION ............................................................................................................ 30 ROUTES OF ADMINISTRATION (MEDICATION ROUTES) ................................................ 31 PROPER TECHNIQUE - ADMINISTERING MEDICINES BY THE VARIOUS ROUTES ... 32 ORAL LIQUIDS ............................................................................................................................... 33 SECTION E .......................................................................................................................................... 39 PROPRIETARY AND GENERIC PREPARATIONS ..................................................................... 39 SECTION F .......................................................................................................................................... 42 DRUG MEASUREMENT .................................................................................................................... 42 SECTION G .......................................................................................................................................... 51 PRESCRIPTION APPRECIATION ..................................................................................................... 51 PRESCRIPTION READING ........................................................................................................ 58 DOSAGE CALCULATIONS ....................................................................................................... 59 SECTION H .......................................................................................................................................... 77 1 EDUCATION AND SKILLS PHERSONS HEALTH COLLEGE SUPPLY OF OVER THE COUNTER (OTC) / CLASS C MEDICINES ............................................ 77 THE DISPENSING PROCESS ........................................................................................................ 77 POINTS TO NOTE IN GOOD DISPENSING PRACTICE ............................................................ 78 STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE (SOP) FOR REMOVAL OF MEDICINES FROM SHELVES. ............................................................................................................................................ 79 RECONSTITUTION OF DRY POWDERS ................................................................................. 80 STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE (SOP) FOR DISPENSING TO MINIMIZE DISPENSING ERRORS. .............................................................................................................. 81 STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE (SOP) FOR PACKING OF MEDICINES. ............ 82 SECTION I ........................................................................................................................................... 83 LABELLING ........................................................................................................................................ 83 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR LABELLING DISPENSED MEDICINES ........................... 84 SUITABILITY OF CONTAINERS FOR MEDICATIONS ............................................................ 89 GETTING FEEDBACK FROM PATIENTS ................................................................................... 90 MODULE FOUR .................................................................................................................................. 91 AWARENESS OF SOME DISEASES OF PUBLIC HEALTH IMPORTANCE ............................... 91 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................ 91 THE PHARMACY PROTOCOL ..................................................................................................... 92 PAIN AND DRUGS FOR THE RELIEF OF PAIN (ANALGESICS) ................................................ 94 ANTISPASMODIC/ANTIMOTILITY DRUGS .......................................................................... 99 Combinations Analgesics ............................................................................................................ 100 ANTIHISTAMINE (ANTIALLERGIC DRUGS) .............................................................................. 102 COMMON COLD .............................................................................................................................. 102 COUGH .......................................................................................................................................... 106 MALARIA ...................................................................................................................................... 109 ANTACIDS ........................................................................................................................................ 116 CONSTIPATION AND LAXATIVES .............................................................................................. 117 DIARRHOEA ..................................................................................................................................... 119 ANTIDIARRHOEA ................................................................................................................... 121 ANTIHELMITHICS / DEWORMERS .............................................................................................. 122 NUTRITIONAL PRODUCTS ............................................................................................................ 123 2 EDUCATION AND SKILLS PHERSONS HEALTH COLLEGE WEIGHT MANAGEMENT ............................................................................................................... 129 SOME TOPICAL PRODUCTS .......................................................................................................... 130 REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH ............................................................................................................. 131 SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES ................................................................................... 131 URETHRAL DISCHARGE ........................................................................................................... 131 VAGINAL DISCHARGE .............................................................................................................. 134 GENITAL ULCERS IN A MAN OR WOMAN ............................................................................ 136 HIV/AIDS INFECTION ................................................................................................................. 138 CONTRACEPTIVES ......................................................................................................................... 140 ANTISEPTICS AND DISINFECTANTS .......................................................................................... 141 WOUND MANAGEMENT ............................................................................................................... 141 FIRST AID.......................................................................................................................................... 143 SHOCK ........................................................................................................................................... 145 PREVENTING SHOCK 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