PORTLAND STATE UNIVERSITY PUBLIC SAFETY MANAGEMENT STUDY (PSMS™) AND SAFETY AND SECURITY PROGRAM ASSESSMENT (SSPA™) FEBRUARY 2019 MARGOLIS HEALY AND ASSOCIATES w PORTLAND STATE UNIVERSITY PUBLIC SAFETY MANAGEMENT STUDY AND PHYSICAL SECURITY REVIEW TABLE OF CONTENTS Alternatives to Armed Officers ...................................25 Mission and Strategy .............................................30 INTRODUCTION AND PROJECT SCOPE..........................1 Organizational Structure ..............................................42 ORGANIZATION OF THIS REPORT .................................2 Organizational Climate .................................................44 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .................................................2 Training ..........................................................................47 DISCLAIMER AND DISCLOSURE ..................................2 Community Engagement, Community Policing and SECTION I: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...............................3 Crime Prevention ..........................................................52 Major Themes ......................................................5 Equitable and Unbiased Campus Safety Services ....55 1. The University Remains Divided on the Written Directive System ............................................58 Question of Arming .......................................................5 Off Duty Conduct ..........................................................59 2. PSU Failed to Manage the Transition to Use of Force Policies ....................................................59 Sworn Officers ...............................................................8 Search/Seizure/Arrest .................................................60 3. The Campus Community Expect a High Degree of Oversight of the CPSO ................................8 Care, Custody, Control/Restraint of Detainees ........60 4. CPSO Needs a Coherent Campus Domestic Violence .......................................................61 Safety Strategy .............................................................9 Property and Evidence .................................................61 5. The PSU Community Expects the University Sexual Harassment/ Discrimination .........................61 to Lead with Innovation ................................................9 Selection/Hiring ...........................................................62 6. Restoring Trust with the Community Should Internal Affairs ..............................................................62 Be the Highest Priority ................................................10 Special Operations .......................................................63 7. The University Must Invest in its Physical Security Program .........................................................10 Dealing with Individuals in Psychological Crisis .......63 8. Resource Implications ............................................11 Internal Affairs and Professional Standards ..............64 SECTION II – BACKGROUND .......................................12 Coordination with External Partners .........................66 PART I: CONTEXT ...................................................12 Bias Incident Response and Reporting ......................67 National .........................................................................12 Title IX Program Overview ............................................69 Local ..............................................................................14 Campus Public Safety Office Facilities .......................73 PART II: THE TRANSITION TO AN ARMED DEPARTMENT .17 Communications and Dispatch Operations ...............77 Portland State University’s Decision to Establish a Use of Public Safety Technology to Enhance Sworn Police Force ...............................................17 Campus Safety Operations .........................................80 Background ...................................................................17 PART II: PHYSICAL SECURITY PROGRAM ASSESSMENT 83 UPSOC Authority and Structure & Management of Physical Security Approach .....................................83 the Transition ........................................................21 Physical Security Program Management ...................85 SECTION III – SPECIFIC OBSERVATIONS .......................25 Access Control Program ..............................................89 Part I: PUBLIC SAFETY MANAGEMENT STUDY ..........25 Security Camera Program ...........................................90 NOTE: The ideas, concepts, techniques, inventions, designs (whether ornamental or otherwise), computer programs and related documentation, other works of authorship, and the like prepared for or submitted to Portland State University in connection with this project and performed pursuant to this agreement, and all copyright, patent, trade secret, trademark and other intellectual property rights associated therewith, (collectively “developments”), are and shall be the exclusive property of Margolis Healy and Associates, LLC. PORTLAND STATE UNIVERSITY PUBLIC SAFETY MANAGEMENT STUDY AND PHYSICAL SECURITY REVIEW MARGOLIS HEALY AND ASSOCIATES Alarm Devices ...............................................................92 SURVEY TABLE OF CONTENTS w Emergency Phones .......................................................92 OVERVIEW OF SURVEY RESPONSES ............................146 Crime Prevention through Environmental Design......93 Q1: How safe do you feel on the PSU campus? ........146 Campus Lighting ...........................................................94 Q1A: Please tell us why you answered this way. .......148 SECTION IV – RESOURCE IMPLICATIONS ......................98 A. Reasonably Safe ......................................................148 Staffing .................................................................98 B. Very Safe ...................................................................157 Programmatic Needs ............................................98 C. Unsafe .......................................................................158 SECTION V – MASTER LIST OF RECOMMENDATIONS .....99 Q2: How safe do you feel in the areas Part I: Master List of Recommendations..................99 surrounding the PSU campus? ................................162 ATTACHMENT 1: OPEN FORUM MAJOR THEMES ...........111 Q2A: Please tell us why you answered ATTACHMENT 2: PSU SURVEY ANALYSIS ......................146 this way. ...............................................................164 ATTACHMENT 3: INTERVIEW SUMMARY .......................197 A. Reasonably Safe ......................................................164 ATTACHMENT 4: MARGOLIS HEALY TEAM MEMBER B. Unsafe .......................................................................168 BIOGRAPHIES ............................................................199 C. Very Safe ...................................................................171 Q3: How do you feel about having trained and armed university police officers on the PSU campus? ........................................................172 Q4: What do you think are the advantages to having trained and armed police officers on campus?.........174 Q5: What do you think are the disadvantages tohaving trained and armed police officers on campus? ..............................................179 Q6: Please provide any specific comments you have about campus safety. ....................................188 Q7: Community Member Roles................................196 PORTLAND STATE UNIVERSITY PUBLIC SAFETY MANAGEMENT STUDY AND PHYSICAL SECURITY REVIEW 1 MARGOLIS HEALY AND ASSOCIATES INTRODUCTION AND PROJECT SCOPE w Portland State University serves and sustains a vibrant urban region through its creativity, collective knowledge, and expertise. The University is dedicated to collaborative learning, sustainability, and community engagement. In support of the vital role that campus safety and security plays in sustaining a healthy campus environment, Portland State University retained Margolis Healy and Associates, LLC (Margolis Healy or MHA), to conduct a comprehensive review of the Portland State University Campus Public Safety Office (CPSO) in the aftermath of the fatal shooting of Mr. Jason Washington by CPSO officers during the early morning hours of Friday, June 29, 2018. In addition to the assessing the general focus areas outlined in this report, the University asked Margolis Healy to review all of the relevant information, including reports and public comment, PSU used and considered in the 2014 decision to establish a sworn police force, and to assess the possible alternatives to an armed campus police force to meet the safety and security needs of the University. This assessment included a robust process for engaging with the Portland State and City of Portland communities. First, we conducted nine open forums to solicit input from faculty, staff, students, and members of the wider community. In addition to the forums, we developed and distributed an anonymous online survey that included both quantitative and qualitative questions related to general safety and security and perceptions related to the arming of Portland State University CPSO officers. Finally, we met with a wide range of constituents during our time on campus in one-on-one, small group, and committee meetings. In addition to the prescribed meetings, we accommodated additional meetings with selected groups that forum attendees identified during the open forums. Next, we