ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY SCHOOL OF MECHANICAL AND INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING MASTER’S THESIS ON DESIGN OF COTTON SPINNING MACHINE FOR MIDDLE TEXTILE INDUSTRIES A thesis submitted to the school of Graduate studies of Addis Ababa University in partial fulfillment of the Degree of Masters of Science In Mechanical Engineering (Mechanical Design Stream) By: Chalachew Setegne Advisor: Dr.-Ing Tamirat Tesfaye Oct, 2014 Declaration I, the undersigned, declare that this thesis project report entitled “DESIGN OF COTTON SPINNING MACHINE FOR MIDDLE TEXTILE INDUSTRIES” is the result of my own research carried out under the supervision of Dr.-Ing Tamirat Tesfaye. It has not been presented as a thesis in any other and all sources of material used for this thesis are duly acknowledged. -------------------------- ----------------- Chalachew Setegne Date This is to certify that the above declaration made by the candidate is correct to the best of my acknowledge. ------------------------------ ----------------- Dr.-Ing. Tamirat Tesfaye Date ii ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY SCHOOL OF MECHANICAL AND INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING MECHANICAL DESIGN STREAM MASTER’S THESIS ON DESIGN OF COTTON SPINNING MACHINE FOR MIDDLE TEXTILE INDUSTRIES By: Chalachew Setegne Advisor: Dr. Tamirat Tesfaye APROVED BY BOARD OF EXAMINERS Daniel Tilahun (Dr.) ------------------ --- ----------------- CHAIR MAN OF THE SCHOOL SIGNITURE DATE Dr.-Ing. Tamirat Tesfaye ------------------ --- ----------------- ADVISER SIGNITURE DATE Tollossa Deberie ------------------ --- ----------------- INTERNAL EXAMINER SIGNITURE DATE Daniel Tilahun (Dr.) ------------------ --- ----------------- EXTERNAL EXAMINER SIGNITURE DATE iii Contents ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................................................... vii Acknowledgments ...................................................................................................................................... viii List of Figures ............................................................................................................................................... ix List of Equations ............................................................................................................................................ x List of TABLE ................................................................................................................................................. xi Nomenclatures ............................................................................................................................................ xii CHAPTER ONE ............................................................................................................................................... 1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Background ................................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Statement of the Problem ............................................................................................................ 3 1.3 Objectives ...................................................................................................................................... 4 1.3.1 Major objective ..................................................................................................................... 4 1.3.2 Specific objectives ................................................................................................................. 4 1.4 Scope of the study ........................................................................................................................ 4 1.5 Methodology ................................................................................................................................. 5 1.5.1 Subjects of the Study ............................................................................................................ 5 1.5.2 Data Collection tools ............................................................................................................. 5 1.5.3 Data Treatment ......................................................................................................................... 5 1.5.4 Designing of the Machine ......................................................................................................... 6 CHAPTER TWO .............................................................................................................................................. 7 LITERATURE REVIEW ..................................................................................................................................... 7 2.1 History of Textile Machinery ......................................................................................................... 7 2.1.1 Hand Spinning ....................................................................................................................... 8 2.1.2 Spinning Wheel ..................................................................................................................... 9 2.1.3 Textile manufacture during the Industrial Revolution ........................................................ 13 2.1.4 Nineteenth Century Developments .................................................................................... 15 2.2 Ethiopia and Spinning ................................................................................................................. 17 2.2.1 Indigenized knowledge in weaving ..................................................................................... 18 2.3 YARN CHARACTERISTIC ............................................................................................................... 20 2.3.1 Yarn Count ........................................................................................................................... 21 2.3.2 Yarn Count Variation ........................................................................................................... 21 iv 2.3.3 Yarn Twist ............................................................................................................................ 21 2.3.4 Yarn Strength & Elongation ................................................................................................. 22 2.3.5 Yarn Evenness ..................................................................................................................... 23 2.3.6 Yarn Hairiness ..................................................................................................................... 24 2.4 Spinning System .......................................................................................................................... 24 2.4.1 Ring and Traveler Spinning Systems .......................................................................................... 27 2.4.2 Spinning Tensions ............................................................................................................... 30 2.4.3 Twist Insertion and Bobbin Winding ................................................................................... 32 2.4.4 Key Points ............................................................................................................................ 36 CHAPTER THREE .......................................................................................................................................... 38 PRODUCT PLANNING .................................................................................................................................. 38 3.1 Degree of Novelty of a Product .................................................................................................. 38 3.2 Product Life Cycle ........................................................................................................................ 38 3.3 Customer Needs Process ............................................................................................................ 41 3.4 Gathering Raw Data .................................................................................................................... 41 3.5 Interpreting Data ........................................................................................................................ 43 CHAPTER FOUR ........................................................................................................................................... 44 CONCEPTUAL DESIGN ................................................................................................................................. 44 4.1 Conceptual Design Definition ..................................................................................................... 44 4.2 Concept Generation Methods .................................................................................................... 45 4.3 Clarifying Objectives ................................................................................................................... 45 4.4 Statement of the Problem for the Cotton Spinning Machine ..................................................... 45 4.5 Analyzing the function ................................................................................................................ 46 4.6 Function Means Tree .................................................................................................................