University of Baltimore Law Forum Volume 9 Article 2 Number 2 Spring 1979 1978 The est Training in the Prisons: A Basis for the Transformation of Corrections? Mark Woodard Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarworks.law.ubalt.edu/lf Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation Woodard, Mark (1978) "The se t Training in the Prisons: A Basis for the Transformation of Corrections?," University of Baltimore Law Forum: Vol. 9 : No. 2 , Article 2. Available at: http://scholarworks.law.ubalt.edu/lf/vol9/iss2/2 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@University of Baltimore School of Law. It has been accepted for inclusion in University of Baltimore Law Forum by an authorized editor of ScholarWorks@University of Baltimore School of Law. For more information, please contact [email protected]. IX/2 The training ordinarily is conducted on two consecu- The est Training in the tive weekends (Saturday and Sunday) taking approxi- Prisons: A Basis for the mately 60 hours, in a hotel ballroom. The chairs are arranged theatre style. At the front of the room is a raised Transformation of platform. On the platform are two blackboards, a direc- tor's chair and a music stand. There are usually between Corrections? 250 and 500 participants. by Mark Woodard (The FORUM acknowledges the controversial nature of the Erhard Seminar Training and neither endorses nor condemns the program. At various points through- out the following study, however, the editors have pro- vided some contrapuntal observations in an effort to convey a balanced, objective perspective.) The est Training The Erhard Seminar Training - est - began in 1971. Since then, est has graduated well over 160,000 people including: John Denver, Peter Max, Valerie Harper, Cloris Leachman, Yoko Ono, Roy Scheider, Jerry Rubin, Diana Ross, and over 500 inmates of federal and state prisons. The est training is presently conducted in --nu uy -- ~n 25 American cities, as well as London, England, Bombay The est training operates through ground rules that and New Delhi, India. become the agreements of the trainees if they choose to Werner Erhard, the founder of est, claims to have had remain in the training. Most of the important rules an "enlightenment experience" in March 1971. Erhard's include the following: talking during the seminar must be friends reported significant "changes" in him and wanted through a microphone and addressed to the group; be on to "get" whatever "it" was that had transformed him. As time; there is to be no eating, drinking, chewing, or smok- a result of people's experience of a transformed individ- ing during the seminar (unless one has a medically veri- ual and the willingness of the transformed individual to fied condition requiring him to eat more often); no one is share his experience, est training was created. Erhard to leave the room for any reason except during desig- explained his enlightenment by first observing that he nated breaks (about every 4 hours, unless they have a was not only his emotions, thoughts, ideas, intellect, be- medically verified condition requiring use of the liefs, achievements, or failures. Rather, he said: bathroom more than allowed); acknowledge through I was simply the space, the creator, the source of all applause any of the trainees that share during the that stuff. I experienced Self as Self in a direct and un- seminar; and refrain from using drugs or alcohol from the mediated way. I didn't just experience self: I became first day of the first weekend until the Sunday of the Self. Suddenly I held all the information, the content, second. in my life in a new way, from a new mode, a new con- Erhard once analogized the training to a ten-mile hike text. I knew it from my experience and not from hay- and explained that the reason for these ground rule is.. ing learned it. It was an unmistakable recognition that I ."to create a situation in which people can learn some- was, am, and always will be the source of my thing from their own way of being." Erhard continued by experience.' saying, ". .you've got a stable thing against which to (Quite. Ed.) match yourself, and it's a thing that is tough enough so The est training thus aspires to instill in trainees a belief that you can't bullshit it. "2 Similarly, est brochures ex- in an essentially self-determinative approach to life. plain that: "The purpose of the est training is to trans- form your ability to experience living so that situations you have been trying to change, or have been putting up with clear up in the process of life itself." The key words are transform your experience of living, in that, trans- formation is central to the est experience. W. W. Bartley III, Werner Erhard-The Transformation of a Man-The 2 Founding of est as quoted in the GraduateReview, Nov. 29,1978 p. 14. Dan Greenberg, You are What You est, Playboy, Dec., 1976. FORUM There are three elements in the training: "data," "pro- headaches, hypertension, sleep difficulties; the need for cesses," and "sharing." Data (a labelperhapsoverstat- medication, drugs, and alcohol; in their energy level, ing what might better be termed "premises," Ed.) is work satisfaction and significant relationships. "Only 7% presented reported overall negative changes in physical or mental relationships and reality. Processes occur while the health and the study uncovered no evidence that est had trainees sit with their eyes closed and follow the trainers harmed anyone."4 Ornstein noted that his study does instructions: e.g., "recall a time when you felt loved" or not demonstrate that people's health changes as a result "locate a space in your right shoulder and notice what of est, but that they say it does. He further says, that sensations you are experiencing." Sharing is an opportu- although the sampling was large enough to be represen- nity (not required) for trainees to share with the group tative of the est graduates at the time (1973) it wasn't any opinions, revelations, observations, or disagree- designed to isolate the training as the variable that has ments they have as a result of either the data or a pro- modified the graduates' health, nor does it eliminate the cess. "placebo effect" - people reporting positively about any There are numerous notions that are advanced by the thing they are questioned about.5 However, a follow-up trainer throughout the training. Some of these notions study by Babbie and Hill indicate that the positive results 6 are: that all people are "perfect/complete" the way they of the training seem to last or even grow over time. are; that all people cause their own experience; that the Luke Rhinehart performed an informal sampling of purpose of the mind is survival and that although we have about a hundred est graduates, all of whom felt they had a mind, we are not our minds; nor are we our points of gained positive value from the training. Based upon inter- view or our emotions or upsets or successes or failures, views with scores of graduates over a two-year period he but rather the being, the space; that each of us is three concluded that they usually report one or more of the fol- persons: first our "act," i.e., our personality or presenta- lowing five beneficial results of est training. tion to the world, second the person that we are afraid we First, the vast majority of graduates report in a general are and third the person that we really are; the Self that is way that their lives are better. They have more energy fully capable of love, health, self-expression, happiness and enjoy things more. .Second some graduates and responsibility. report that persistent, recurring physical symptoms Before discussing the history and results of est in the (such as stuttering, arthritis, and their sinus problems, prisons it will be useful to look at the results of the train- back pains, and other specific bodily pains, head- ing in the general population. "The Behaviordyne study aches, allergies) disappear. They attribute the disap- indicated that in general the majority of those graduates pearances either to the direct result of some specific surveyed manifested "definite improvement in self- est process or to the general influence of est. .the image;" were 'less anxious and dependent' and exhibited third beneficial result graduates report is an increased 'fewer guilts and fears'." This study involved 93 persons, sense of responsibility. Taking responsibility for one's did not use a control group and was not a random sam- life necessitates the abandoning of a large number of ple. However, the est outcome study by Robert Ornstein destructive psychological games that were tied to the and associates sent out a questionnaire with 680 ques- assumption that other people control our lives and are tions to a random sample of 2,000 graduates. They were to blame for our failures.. .Fourth, many graduates re- asked to evaluate their general experience of the training port that they are less often run by the 'yama-yama' of on a scale of 1 (very unfavorable) to 7 (very favorable). their minds - they are more in touch with their own Over 50% gave it the highest possible score (7), the over- actual sensations, feelings, emotions, and other ele- all mean was about 6, and almost 90% of them indicated a ments of their experience and better able to express favorable experience (5, 6, 7). (Babble and Stone -What them to others. Learning to be in touch with and to Have You Got After You Got It - presented to Ameri- accept their actual experience 'what is' - allows 3 can Psychiatric Association).