University of Tennessee, Knoxville TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Masters Theses Graduate School 12-2014 Investigating Instabilities with HEC-RAS Unsteady Flow Modeling for Regulated Rivers at Low Flow Stages Jennifer Kay Sharkey University of Tennessee - Knoxville, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes Part of the Hydraulic Engineering Commons Recommended Citation Sharkey, Jennifer Kay, "Investigating Instabilities with HEC-RAS Unsteady Flow Modeling for Regulated Rivers at Low Flow Stages. " Master's Thesis, University of Tennessee, 2014. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/3183 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Theses by an authorized administrator of TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a thesis written by Jennifer Kay Sharkey entitled "Investigating Instabilities with HEC-RAS Unsteady Flow Modeling for Regulated Rivers at Low Flow Stages." I have examined the final electronic copy of this thesis for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the equirr ements for the degree of Master of Science, with a major in Environmental Engineering. John S. Schwartz, Major Professor We have read this thesis and recommend its acceptance: Jon M. Hathaway, Thanos N. Papanicolaou Accepted for the Council: Carolyn R. Hodges Vice Provost and Dean of the Graduate School (Original signatures are on file with official studentecor r ds.) Investigating Instabilities with HEC-RAS Unsteady Flow Modeling for Regulated Rivers at Low Flow Stages A Thesis Presented for the Master of Science Degree The University of Tennessee, Knoxville Jennifer Kay Sharkey December 2014 Copyright © 2014 by Jennifer Sharkey. All rights reserved. ii ABSTRACT Dams are used throughout the United States for generation of electricity and flood control. The Tennessee River Valley’s regulated river system extends through Tennessee and parts of Kentucky, Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Virginia. Of the dams in this area, 49 are managed by the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA). The TVA forecasts and monitors the activities related to these dams and others in the area on an around- the-clock basis to ensure maximum generation potential is attained and to prevent flooding of the surrounding cities. To best forecast hydrology for the regulated river system, the TVA chose to upgrade the forecasting center to include HEC-RAS models for high and low flow simulations. These simulations can better guide TVA engineers to the best route when releasing water from the dam in the case of an emergency flooding situation or on a daily basis. Building a HEC-RAS model for the TVA reservoir system is a large undertaking and model stability issues arise from different possible causes. In this paper, the best methods of stabilizing modeled reaches on a regulated river system during low flows were compiled in logic flow charts, which can be of general assistance to modelers when stabilizing HEC-RAS simulations for regulated river systems. The flow charts were created and explained, with multiple options for stability described and analyzed throughout the creation process. They were based on results where stability issues were regularly due to cross sectional spacing and the addition of base flow through the upstream boundary and lateral inflows. Other potential methods were also considered for applicability in a model such as this, including the addition of pilot channels and increasing the theta weighting factor. Using the flow charts created, HEC-RAS modelers should gain a better understanding of stability issues in a river system and what causes these problems. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER I Introduction and General Information...................................................................... 1 Introduction................................................................................................................................. 1 CHAPTER II Literature Review.................................................................................................... 4 HEC-RAS as a Modeling Tool Selection ................................................................................... 4 Current Uses................................................................................................................................ 4 Complications with Model Stability........................................................................................... 5 Geometry................................................................................................................................. 5 Unsteady Flow ........................................................................................................................ 6 Roughness............................................................................................................................... 7 Low Flow................................................................................................................................ 8 Time Step................................................................................................................................ 9 Theta Weighting Factor ..........................................................................................................9 Steepness in Streams............................................................................................................. 10 Output Files........................................................................................................................... 10 Output Tables........................................................................................................................ 11 Profile Plot ............................................................................................................................ 11 Acceptable Water Surface Elevation Error........................................................................... 11 Other Modeling Concerns..................................................................................................... 12 CHAPTER III Methods and modeling ......................................................................................... 13 Methods..................................................................................................................................... 13 Final Stabilized Reaches....................................................................................................... 16 Site Selection ........................................................................................................................ 19 Chickamauga Fragmentation and Method Validation .......................................................... 23 Stability Methods Used for Analysis .................................................................................... 24 Modeling and Output Analysis Files ........................................................................................ 30 Computational Messages ...................................................................................................... 33 Summary of Errors, Warnings, and Notes............................................................................ 33 Log File................................................................................................................................. 33 Output Tables........................................................................................................................ 33 CHAPTER IV Results and Discussion........................................................................................ 35 Results....................................................................................................................................... 35 Sensitivity Analysis of Methods Used for Stability.............................................................. 35 Discussion................................................................................................................................. 51 CHAPTER V Conclusions and Recommendations ..................................................................... 53 LIST OF REFERENCES..............................................................................................................55 APPENDIX................................................................................................................................... 60 Data Tables ............................................................................................................................... 61 Figures....................................................................................................................................... 63 Final Model Guntersville Figures ......................................................................................... 63 Final Model Chickamauga Figures....................................................................................... 69 Stability Method Model Figures ........................................................................................... 83 Vita.............................................................................................................................................. 108 iv LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Information 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