TITLES AND ABSTRACTS ON SILKWORM DISEASES Compiled from THE JOURNAL OF SERICULURAL SCIENCE OF JAPAN 1951-2004 Compiled & Edited J. JUSTIN KUMAR TITLES AND ABSTRACTS ON SILKWORM DISEASES Compiled from THE JOURNAL OF SERICULURAL SCIENCE OF JAPAN 1951-2004 July 2008 Compiled & Edited J. Justin Kumar Technical Assistant CSRTI, Central Silk Board Srirampura, Mysore, Karnataka 570 008. E-mail: [email protected] Mob: +91 9449942671 Book Lay-out & Design J. Justin Kumar Preface nderstanding the silkworm diseases to overcome the problem of crop loss is a basic U requirement for better productivity in sericulture. In this direction, a lot of research has been carried out especially in the countries where sericulture is practised seriously. While scanning through the literature, it was observed that, a lot of work has been carried out in Japan which is well documented, mostly in Japanese language. Due to language constraint, it is rather difficult to fully understand the works of Japanese scientists. However, the direction in which they contributed in the field of silkworm pathology is quite interesting. As a curious student, I made an attempt to compile the titles and abstracts of the publications appeared in the Journal of Sericultural Science of Japan with respect to silkworm pathology from 1951 (Vol. 20) to 2004 (Vol. 73). The volumes available at the libraries of Silkworm Seed Technology Laboratory (SSTL), Bangalore and Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute (CSRTI), Mysore were referred to in the preparation of this compilation. The articles in Japanese language with titles in English are indicated as Japanese and full length articles in English language are indicated as English. No indications are given for the articles where the full length paper is in Japanese and titles and abstracts are in English. I earnestly hope that this compilation will be of immense use to the researchers and students working in the field of silkworm pathology. I am highly indebted to all those who have helped me in this endeavour. The support by the library officials of SSTL, Bangalore and CSRTI, Mysore was tremendous. I thank Mr. Mathew John, who provided me with all the facilities including his computer for initiating this work during my stay at Bangalore. I am thankful to my wife Letha and daughter Akshaya for their moral support, sparing their precious time and bearing with me. Mysore 1st July 2008 J. JUSTIN KUMAR Dedicated to A country peasant & his wife – my Father & Mother Contents Sl. Sl. Particulars Page No. Particulars Page No. No. No. 1 Vol. 20 1951 …………………. 1 28 Vol. 47 1978 …………………. 90 2 Vol. 21 1952 …………………. 2 29 Vol. 48 1979 …………………. 93 3 Vol. 22 1953 …………………. 3 30 Vol. 49 1980 …………………. 96 4 Vol. 23 1954 …………………. 3 31 Vol. 50 1981 …………………. 99 5 Vol. 24 1955 …………………. 3 32 Vol. 51 1982 ………………… 103 6 Vol. 25 1956 …………………. 3 33 Vol. 52 1983 ………………… 108 7 Vol. 26 1957 …………………. 3 34 Vol. 53 1984 ………………… 111 8 Vol. 27 1958 …………………. 4 35 Vol. 54 1985 ………………… 115 9 Vol. 28 1959 …………………. 7 36 Vol. 55 1986 ………………… 118 10 Vol. 29 1960 …………………. 10 37 Vol. 56 1987 ………………… 123 11 Vol. 30 1961 …………………. 12 38 Vol. 57 1988 ………………… 126 12 Vol. 31 1962 …………………. 17 39 Vol. 58 1989 ………………… 130 13 Vol. 32 1963 …………………. 22 40 Vol. 59 1990 ………………… 132 14 Vol. 33 1964 …………………. 25 41 Vol. 60 1991 ………………… 134 15 Vol. 34 1965 …………………. 28 42 Vol. 61 1992 ………………… 135 16 Vol. 35 1966 …………………. 33 43 Vol. 62 1993 ………………… 136 17 Vol. 36 1967 …………………. 39 44 Vol. 63 1994 ………………… 139 18 Vol. 37 1968 …………………. 45 45 Vol. 64 1995 ………………… 141 19 Vol. 38 1969 …………………. 52 46 Vol. 65 1996 ………………… 144 20 Vol. 39 1970 …………………. 57 47 Vol. 66 1997 ………………… 146 21 Vol. 40 1971 …………………. 62 48 Vol. 67 1998 ………………… 148 22 Vol. 41 1972 …………………. 69 49 Vol. 68 1999 ………………… 151 23 Vol. 42 1973 …………………. 74 50 Vol. 69 2000 ………………… 153 24 Vol. 43 1974 …………………. 76 51 Vol. 70 2001 ………………… 155 25 Vol. 44 1975 …………………. 81 52 Vol. 71 2002 ………………… 155 26 Vol. 45 1976 …………………. 85 53 Vol. 72 2003 ………………… 156 27 Vol. 46 1977 …………………. 88 54 Vol. 73 2004 ………………… 156 TITLES AND ABSTRACTS ON SILKWORM DISEASES Compiled from THE JOURNAL OF SERICULURAL SCIENCE OF JAPAN 1951-2004 Vol. 20 1951 Yoshitake N, Aruga H (1951). Studies on the amino acids in the silkworm. (VII) On the amino acids in the polyhedral body of the grasserie of the silkworm. J. Sericult. Sci. Jpn . 20:264-267. [Japanese] Sato T (1951). On the application of Hammerl’s of formaldehyde-gas to the disinfection of Muscardines. J. Sericult. Sci. Jpn . 20:357-364. [Japanese] Katsumata F (1951). On the Muscardine of the silkworm in Tanaba Province with special reference to the distribution of the species of fungus and the course of infection. J. Sericult. Sci. Jpn . 20:365-367. [Japanese] Mitani K, Kanai T (1951). Studies on the disease caused by Aspergillus oryzae in the silkworm. (IV) Influence of temperature on the occurrence of disease. (V) The preventive effect of Benzoinc acid to the growth of causal fungus on the paste, the source of the pathogen. J. Sericult. Sci. Jpn . 20:368-372. [Japanese] Kiyoshi Aoki, Yasuo Nakazato, Isao Hudimoto (1951). Studies on the relation between Fungi and Insects. (I) Flora of Muscardines on Various Insects. J. Sericult. Sci. Jpn . 20:373- 382. In this paper muscardines on domesticated silkworms and other wild insects, which were collected at 13 prefectures during the period from 1936 to 1950 were described. 40047 strains of muscardines were found on silkworms and other wild insects of 24 kinds, namely 33504 strains on silkworms and 6543 on wild insects. The muscardines isolated from domesticated silkworms were divided into 7 species which are hitherto known, 1 species of new pathogen and 1 genus which is not yet identified the species. White muscardine was recognized frequently and in abundance and the frequency in occurrence of green and brown muscardines followed that of white muscardine, all the other muscardines being rare. Out of 33504 strains, 28938 were Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. (White muscardine), the other 1957, 1941, 315, 188, 152, 6, 4 and 3 strains being respectively Nomuraea prasina Maubl. (Green muscardine), Aspergillus flavus Link., (and A. oryzae Cohn, Brown muscardine), Isaria farinosa (Dicks.) Fr. (Yellow muscardine), Oospora destructor (Metch.) Delac. (Black muscardine), Fusarium spp., Sterigmatocystis japonica Aoki, Harziella entomophilla Ishiwata et Miyake and new muscardine. The muscardines on wild insects of 24 species were divided into 9 species which are already known and 4 genera which are not identified the species. Out of 6543 strains, 3417 were yellow muscardine, the other 1364, 323, 319, 263, 155, 122, 121, 118, 39, 24, 11 and 2 being respectively Isaria fumoso-rosea Wize (red muscardine), Sterigmatocystis japonica Aoki, Silkworm Diseases Fusarium spp., Empusa (Muscae Cohn and Aulicae Reich), Aspergillus (flavus and oryzae ), Isaria sinclairii (Berk.) Lloyd., black muscardine, Harziella sp. and Massospora sp. Out of 12 species and 4 genera of muscardines on various insects, 5 species ad 1 genus were mutual to silkworm and wild insects. White, red and yellow muscardines were very abundant in occurrence on domesticated silkworms ( Bombyx mori L.), Kyoso-fly-pupae ( sturmia sericariae C.) and pyralid moth ( Margaronia pyroalis W.) respectively. The facts that white and red muscardines which were found abundantly on domesticated silkworm and Kyoso-pupa respectively were not found on wild insects and silkworm and that yellow muscardine, which was prevalent on pyrolid moth, was rare on silkworm and Kyoso-fly-pupa are remarkable. Green muscardine appears to be mutual to silkworms and wild insects. But white muscardine is specific to silkworm. Although white muscardine is found almost invariably regardless of the silkworm larva stage, green muscardine is found chiefly in the third moult and the brown one in the early stage and matured larvae or pupae. Aoki K, Nakazato Y, Hudimoto I (1951). Studies on the relation between Fungi and Insects. (II) On the pathogenicity of Muscardines and their growth in the insect blood. J. Sericult. Sci. Jpn . 20:430-438. The pathogenic activity of white, red and yellow muscardine ( Beauveria bassiana Vuill ., Isaria fumorosea Wize and Isaria farinose FR respectively) is most vigorous to the host insects on which they are most abundantly found, namely to domesticated silkworm ( Bombyx mori L.), Kyoso-fly-pupa ( Sturmia sericariae C.) and pyralid moth ( Margaronia pyroalis W.) respectively. White muscardine is more pathogenic to domesticated silkworm than to the wild silkworm (Theophila mandarina Moore). The pathogenicity of this fungus is also influenced by the races of silkworm. Although white muscardine is invariably pathogenic to domesticated silkworm regardless of the larval stage, the pathogenicity of green muscardine is conspicuously affected by the stage, being vigorous to the silkworm in earlier stage and faint to the one in late stage. The incubation period of green muscardine is longer than the one of white muscardine. The reason why green muscardine occurs simultaneously in the third moult was discussed. The pathogenicity of white, red and yellow muscardines to silkworm, Kyoso-fly-pupa and pyralid moth respectively and the one of green muscardine to the various stages of domesticated silkworm were found to be directly proportional to the germinating rate of spores, the growth rate of germ tube and the speed of cylindrical spore formation of the causal fungi in the insect’s blood. Vol. 21 1952 Kuwano T (1952). Prevention of Muscardine by application of ceresan. (III) Comparison of lime and talc as a diluting agent of ceresin. J. Sericult. Sci. Jpn . 21:101-105. [Japanese] Aizawa K (1952). Preliminary note on the successive passage through Philosamia ricini Boisd of jaundice virus of Bombyx mori . J. Sericult.