Project Responder 5 August 2017 Project Responder 5 TASK LEAD Michelle Royal PROJECT RESPONDER 5 TASK TEAM Homeland Security Studies and Final Report Analysis Institute Sherry Reichow, PhD Tara Conway Laura Sappelsa Consultants Amy Donahue, PhD Elizabeth Dugan, PhD Jennifer Sollars Miller Steve Chabolla Prepared for Manager, Business Enterprise Analysis Division Department of Homeland Security Science and Technology Directorate, Support to the Homeland Security Enterprise and First Howard Smith, PhD Responders Group Director, Resilience and Emergency Preparedness/Response i Project Responder 5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS For Project Responder 5, the authors spoke with emergency responders that participated in response activities for many of the largest manmade incidents and natural disasters in the United States over the past several years. This report greatly benefits from the men and women who took the time to share their experiences and reflect on those capabilities that would improve future response operations. This document is dedicated to the emergency responders in the United States—those that contributed to this effort and the millions of responders throughout the country that put their own lives at risk on a daily basis. For information about this publication or other research, contact HOMELAND SECURITY STUDIES AND ANALYSIS INSTITUTE A DHS Federally Funded Research and Development Center Operated by Analytic Services Inc. 5275 Leesburg Pike, Suite N-5000 Falls Church, Virginia 22041 Tel (703) 416-3229 • Fax (703) 379-2556 Publication Number: RP16-18-02 ii Project Responder 5 TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary .................................................................................................................... vii Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 1 Background ..................................................................................................................................... 3 The Evolving Response Environment ........................................................................................... 5 Methodology .................................................................................................................................. 13 Identification of Emergency Response Capability Needs ........................................................ 13 Validation and Prioritization of Emergency Response Capability Needs ............................... 17 Analysis of Related Technology and Standards ...................................................................... 19 Participation ............................................................................................................................. 20 Constraints ............................................................................................................................... 21 Project Responder 5 Capability Needs ....................................................................................... 23 Situational Awareness .............................................................................................................. 26 The ability to access, integrate, share and display images and video pertinent to the incident scene for the on-scene responder and incident command ................................ 27 The ability to geolocate responders on the incident scene (indoors and outdoors), including latitude, longitude and altitude or depth......................................................... 29 The ability to detect and identify threats and hazards on the incident scene ................. 33 The ability to generate maps for indoor and outdoor locations integrating incident data with existing GIS data ............................................................................................ 35 The ability to merge and synthesize disparate data sources in real time (e.g., known hazards, building blueprints and ownership records) to support situational awareness . 38 The ability to identify cascading effects of the incident that impact the response and the surrounding community ........................................................................................... 40 The ability to obtain and maintain a birds-eye view of the incident scene .................... 42 Communications and Information Sharing .............................................................................. 46 The ability to effectively communicate in the presence of loud ambient noise ............. 46 The ability to coordinate dispatch functions from multiple jurisdictions and agencies during response operations............................................................................................. 48 The ability to facilitate the management of communications channels and frequencies among multiple disciplines ......................................................................... 49 The ability to share incident-related information among agencies and disciplines during response operations............................................................................................. 51 Command, Control and Coordination ...................................................................................... 53 The ability to provide decision support templates and prompts during incident operations ....................................................................................................................... 53 iii Project Responder 5 The ability to electronically document and track command decisions, actions and assignments during response operations ........................................................................ 55 The ability to quickly establish unified command among jurisdictions and agencies ... 56 Responder Health and Safety ................................................................................................... 58 The ability to provide enhanced protection from threats without donning specialized garments or compromising comfort and maneuverability ............................................. 58 The ability to provide individually appropriate mental health services following incident response ............................................................................................................ 61 The ability for responders to ascertain exposure type and level .................................... 62 The ability to monitor the physiological signs of emergency responders ...................... 63 Logistics and Resource Management ...................................................................................... 66 The ability to integrate resource data from participating agencies for a holistic picture of resources available on scene for incident-specific response .......................... 67 The ability to identify resource needs for rescue and shelter of citizens with access and functional needs ...................................................................................................... 68 The ability to geolocate non-personnel resources within the incident response area .... 70 The ability to digitally request resources from the field and track disposition of request, resource status and location .............................................................................. 72 The ability to verify the credentials of all on-scene responders ..................................... 73 The ability to centrally manage incident-specific logistics information ........................ 75 The ability to account for and manage on-duty, off-duty and self-reporting personnel in real time (including check-in and staging direction) ................................. 77 Casualty Management .............................................................................................................. 79 The ability to estimate or ascertain the number of persons in affected areas at the time of an incident ......................................................................................................... 79 The ability to identify the location of injured, trapped and deceased casualties on the incident scene ................................................................................................................. 81 The ability to track the status of known and potential casualties from site through reunification ................................................................................................................... 83 The ability to manage and track large numbers of fatalities through all phases of response.......................................................................................................................... 85 Training and Exercise .............................................................................................................. 87 The ability to conduct multi-modal, multi-agency and multi-jurisdictional training and exercises across a wide spectrum of incidents ........................................................ 87 The ability to maintain proficiency in disaster management training for all responders regardless of rank ......................................................................................... 89 Risk Assessment and Planning ................................................................................................ 91 The ability to accurately identify local and regional threats and risks and model potential consequences ..................................................................................................