FreeNAS® 11.2-BETA2 User Guide August 2018 Edition FreeNAS® is © 2011-2018 iXsystems FreeNAS® and the FreeNAS® logo are registered trademarks of iXsystems FreeBSD® is a registered trademark of the FreeBSD Foundation Written by users of the FreeNAS® network-attached storage operating system. Version 11.2 Copyright © 2011-2018 iXsystems (https://www.ixsystems.com/) CONTENTS Welcome .............................................................. 1 Typographic Conventions ..................................................... 2 1 Introduction 3 1.1 New Features in 11.2 .................................................... 3 1.2 Path and Name Lengths .................................................. 5 1.3 Hardware Recommendations ............................................... 5 1.3.1 RAM ......................................................... 6 1.3.2 The Operating System Device ........................................... 6 1.3.3 Storage Disks and Controllers ........................................... 7 1.3.4 Network Interfaces ................................................. 8 1.4 Getting Started with ZFS .................................................. 8 2 Installing and Upgrading 9 2.1 Getting FreeNAS® ...................................................... 9 2.2 Preparing the Media .................................................... 9 2.2.1 On FreeBSD or Linux ................................................ 10 2.2.2 On Windows .................................................... 10 2.2.3 On macOS ...................................................... 11 2.3 Performing the Installation ................................................. 11 2.4 Installation Troubleshooting ................................................ 19 2.5 Upgrading .......................................................... 20 2.5.1 Caveats ....................................................... 20 2.5.2 Initial Preparation ................................................. 20 2.5.3 Upgrading Using the ISO .............................................. 21 2.5.4 Upgrading From the GUI .............................................. 23 2.5.5 If Something Goes Wrong ............................................. 23 2.5.6 Upgrading a ZFS Pool ............................................... 25 2.6 Virtualization ......................................................... 27 2.6.1 VirtualBox ...................................................... 27 2.6.2 VMware ESXi .................................................... 35 3 Booting 42 3.1 Obtaining an IP Address .................................................. 43 3.2 Logging In .......................................................... 44 4 Preferences 46 4.1 User Interface Preferences ................................................. 46 4.2 Themes ............................................................ 47 4.2.1 Theme Selector ................................................... 47 4.2.2 Create New Themes ................................................ 48 5 Account 50 5.1 Groups ............................................................ 50 5.2 Users ............................................................. 53 i 6 System 58 6.1 General ............................................................ 58 6.2 NTP Servers ......................................................... 61 6.3 Boot Environments ..................................................... 62 6.3.1 Mirroring the Boot Device ............................................. 65 6.4 Advanced ........................................................... 66 6.4.1 Autotune ...................................................... 68 6.4.2 Self-Encrypting Drives ............................................... 68 6.5 Email ............................................................. 70 6.6 System Dataset ....................................................... 71 6.7 Alert Services ........................................................ 73 6.8 Alert Settings ......................................................... 73 6.9 Cloud Credentials ...................................................... 74 6.10 Tunables ........................................................... 75 6.11 Update ............................................................ 78 6.11.1 Preparing for Updates ............................................... 78 6.11.2 Updates and Trains ................................................ 78 6.11.3 Checking for Updates ............................................... 80 6.11.4 Applying Updates .................................................. 81 6.11.5 Manual Updates .................................................. 81 6.12 CAs .............................................................. 82 6.13 Certificates .......................................................... 85 6.14 Support ............................................................ 90 7 Tasks 92 7.1 Cron Jobs ........................................................... 92 7.2 Init/Shutdown Scripts .................................................... 94 7.3 Rsync Tasks ......................................................... 95 7.3.1 Rsync Module Mode ................................................ 97 7.3.2 Rsync over SSH Mode ............................................... 98 7.4 S.M.A.R.T. Tests ....................................................... 100 7.5 Periodic Snapshot Tasks .................................................. 102 7.6 Replication Tasks ...................................................... 104 7.6.1 Examples: Common Configuration ........................................ 104 Alpha (Source) .................................................... 104 Beta (Destination) .................................................. 105 7.6.2 Example: FreeNAS® to FreeNAS® Semi-Automatic Setup ........................... 105 7.6.3 Example: FreeNAS® to FreeNAS® Dedicated User Replication ........................ 108 7.6.4 Example: FreeNAS® to FreeNAS® or Other Systems, Manual Setup ..................... 109 Encryption Keys ................................................... 110 7.6.5 Replication Options ................................................ 112 7.6.6 Replication Encryption ............................................... 114 7.6.7 Limiting Replication Times ............................................. 114 7.6.8 Troubleshooting Replication ........................................... 115 SSH .......................................................... 115 Compression ..................................................... 115 Manual Testing .................................................... 115 7.7 Resilver Priority ....................................................... 116 7.8 Scrub Tasks ......................................................... 117 7.9 Cloud Sync Tasks ...................................................... 118 7.9.1 Cloud Sync Example ................................................ 121 8 Network 124 8.1 Global Configuration .................................................... 124 8.2 Interfaces .......................................................... 126 8.3 IPMI .............................................................. 128 8.4 Link Aggregations ...................................................... 130 ii 8.4.1 LACP, MPIO, NFS, and ESXi ............................................ 130 8.4.2 Creating a Link Aggregation ............................................ 131 8.5 Static Routes ......................................................... 134 8.6 VLANs ............................................................. 135 9 Storage 137 9.1 Pools ............................................................. 137 9.1.1 Creating Pools ................................................... 137 9.1.2 Managing Encrypted Pools ............................................ 140 9.1.3 Adding Cache or Log Devices ........................................... 143 9.1.4 Adding Spare Devices ............................................... 143 9.1.5 Extending a Pool .................................................. 144 9.1.6 Detaching a Pool .................................................. 144 9.1.7 Importing a Pool .................................................. 146 9.1.8 Adding Datasets .................................................. 147 Deduplication .................................................... 149 Compression ..................................................... 150 9.1.9 Adding Zvols .................................................... 150 9.1.10 Setting Permissions ................................................ 152 9.1.11 View Multipaths ................................................... 154 9.2 Snapshots .......................................................... 154 9.2.1 Browsing a Snapshot Collection ......................................... 156 9.3 VMware-Snapshots ..................................................... 157 9.4 Disks ............................................................. 158 9.4.1 Replacing a Failed Disk ............................................... 160 Replacing an Encrypted Disk ............................................ 162 Removing a Log or Cache Device .......................................... 163 9.4.2 Replacing Disks to Grow a Pool .......................................... 163 9.5 Importing a Disk ....................................................... 163 10 Directory Services 165 10.1 Active Directory ....................................................... 165 10.1.1 Troubleshooting Tips ...............................................