IN-DEPTH VULNERABILITY AND NEEDS ASSESSMENT REPORT ON THE IMPACT OF THE FLOODS AND/OR PROLONGED DRY SPELLS AUGUST 2007 VAC ZAMBIA Vulnerability Assessment Committee BY THE ZAMBIA VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT COMMITTEE (ZVAC) LUSAKA Zambia Vulnerability Assessment Committee - 2007 i TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................................................iv LIST OF FIGURES ......................................................................................................................v Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................vi Acronyms .....................................................................................................................................vii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY...........................................................................................................ix 1.0 INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................................1 1.1 Background and Rationale.........................................................1 1.2 Objectives of the In-depth Vulnerability and Needs Assessment......1 1.2.1 Specific Objectives ...............................................................................................1 1.3 Scope of the In-depth vulnerability and needs assessment ............2 1.4 Methods and Procedures................................................................2 1.4.1 Sampling Frame ........................................................................................................2 1.4.2 Sample Stratification and allocation .................................................................3 1.4.3 Sample Selection ......................................................................................................3 1.4.4 First Stage Selection................................................................................................3 1.4.5 Second Stage Selection..........................................................................................4 1.4.6 Weighting Procedure ...............................................................................................4 1.4.7 Sampling for Nutrition ............................................................................................6 1.4.8 Analytical Approach .............................................................................................7 1.5 Limitations............................................................................ 10 2.0 CONTEXT ..........................................................................................................................11 2.1 The Economy ........................................................................ 11 2.2 Input Distribution .................................................................. 11 2.3 Food Supply and Access ......................................................... 12 2.3.1 Crops and Food Supply in 2006/07 Marketing Season ......................14 2.4 Livestock Situation................................................................. 14 2.5 Water and Sanitation ............................................................. 15 2.6 Child Health and Nutrition ....................................................... 16 2.6.1 Child Feeding Practices ....................................................................................16 2.7 Health.................................................................................. 17 2.7.1 HIV/AIDS....................................................................................................................17 2.8 Education ............................................................................. 17 2.9 Infrastructure and Habitations ................................................. 18 3.0 FINDINGS............................................................................................................................20 3.1 FOOD SECURITY......................................................................... 20 3.1.1 Household Characteristics...............................................................................20 3.1.2 Household Food Security.................................................................................20 3.1.3 Livelihoods.............................................................................................................23 3.1.3.2 Expenditure Pattern......................................................................................23 3.1.3.3 Seasonal Calender..............................................................................................24 3.1.3.4. Coping Strategies......................................................................................25 3.1.4 Market Situation..................................................................................................26 3.1.5 Food Needs............................................................................. 27 3.2 NUTRITION........................................................................... 27 3.2.1 Acute Malnutrition or Wasting (Weight for Height)..................................28 3.2.2 Chronic malnutrition..............................................................................................29 3.2.3 Health Status of the sampled population .....................................................29 3.2.4 Child Feeding Practices.........................................................................................30 3.2.5 Vitamin A Supplementation................................................................................31 3.2.6 Relationship between nutritional status and source of water..............32 3.2.7 Relationship between nutritional status and type of latrine.................32 3.2.8 Household food security situation and malnutrition ................................32 3.3 HEALTH................................................................................ 33 3.3.1 Immunizations .....................................................................................................33 3.3.2 Illness........................................................................................................................34 3.3.3. Deaths in Households ..................................................................................36 3.3.4 Chronic illness among adults in the past 12 months ..........................36 3.3.5 Access and use of health services...............................................................36 3.4 WATER AND SANITATION ....................................................... 37 3.4.1 Water..................................................................................... 37 Zambia Vulnerability Assessment Committee - 2007 ii 3.4.1.1 Types of Drinking Water Sources and Water Quality..........................37 3.4.1.2 Water Availability................................................................................................38 3.4.2 Sanitation...................................................................................................................40 3.5 EDUCATION ............................................................................... 41 3.5.1 Levels of Education ............................................................................................42 3.5.2 School Attendance..............................................................................................43 3.5.3 Household Expenditure on Education.............................................................44 3.6 INFRASTRUCTURE ...................................................................... 44 3.6.1 Roads and Bridges/Culverts...........................................................................45 3.6.2 Habitations (Houses).........................................................................................45 3.6.3 Health Facilities ...................................................................................................45 3.6.4 Schools.......................................................................................................................45 3.6.5 Boreholes and Water Points..........................................................................46 3.6.6 Others........................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined. 3.7 VULNERABILITY SITUATION ......................................................... 46 4.0 CONCLUSIONS..................................................................................................................47 4.1. Food Security........................................................................ 47 4.2 Nutrition.................................................................................... 47 4.3. Health.................................................................................. 47 4.4 Water and Sanitation .................................................................. 47 4.5. Education ............................................................................. 48 4.6. Infrastructure........................................................................ 48 5.0 RECOMMENDATIONS ................................................................................................50 5.1 Food Security............................................................................. 50 5.2 Nutrition.................................................................................... 50 5.3 Health.....................................................................................