Joints– Bones connected • Direct connect 1. fibrous joint Spine of vertebra, head 2. cartilaginous joint Cartilago costalis, Vertebrae • Indirect connect(articulation) Joints on the limbs fibrous joint cartilaginous joint cartilaginous joint fibrous joint articular cartilage Articular cavity articulation Articular capsule structure of Articulation 1. Articular surface--articular cartilage 2. Articular capsule 1. Fibrous membrane 2. Synovial membrane– produce synovial fluid 3. Articular cavity Connect between vertebra • Connect between vertebral body – intervertebral disc (fibrocartilage disc) – Anterior longitudinal ligament – Posterior longitudinal ligament • Connect between vertebral arch – ligamenta flava 黄韧带 – interspinal ligament – Supraspinal ligament 脊上韧带 vertebral arch Inter vertebral discs • Between adjacent vertebrae from 1st to sacrum there are inter vertebral discs. They are fibro-cartilaginous. • The disc permits various movement of the vertebral column, absorb shock and form a strong joint. Connect of the skull Fibrous joint (Sutures) Articulation -- Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) Mandible Temporal bone Disc Sutures Fontanels Fontanels In the skull of the fetus there are 6 prominent fontanels: a) The Anterior (frontal) fontanel, between angle of two parietal bones & the frontal bone. It is diamond shaped and is the largest fontanel. It closes 18 to 24months after birth. b) The posterior (occiputal) fontanel, between parietal & occiputal bone. It is also diamond shaped but smaller than the anterior fontanel. It closes 2 months after birth. Fontanels c) The Antrolatral (sphenoidal) fontanel, paired, one in each side. Found at the junction of frontal, parietal, temporal & sphenoidal bone. They are small & irregular in shape and closes at 3rd month after birth. d) The postrolateral (mastoid) fontanel, Paired one in each side. Found at the junction of parietal, occiputal and temporal bones. They are irregular in shape and begin to close at 1 or 2 months after birth and completed by 12 months. Temporomandibular joint Mandible Temporal bone Disc Joints of upper limb (Articulation-Indirect connect) Sternoclavicular joint Shoulder joint Elbow joint Joints of Hand Joints of upper limb (Articulation-Indirect connect) Sternoclavicular joint Sternum Clavicle Shoulder joint Humerus connect with Scapula Clavicle Elbow joint Humerus Ulna Radius Joints of Hand (Articulation-Indirect connect) Radiocarpal joint(wrist joint) ulna radius scaphoid bone lunate bone Triquetral bone Intercarpal joint Carpometacarpal joint Metacarpophalangeal joints interphalangeal joints Sternoclavicular joint Sternum Clavicle Shoulder joint Humerus connect with scapula – (glenoid cavity & coracoid process) Clavicle connect with scapula - (acromion & coracoid process) ligamenta acromioclaviculare clavicle acromion acromiocoracoid ligament ligamenta coracoclaviculare humerus scapula Elbow joint Humerus Ulna Radius Joints of Hand (Articulation-Indirect connect) Radiocarpal joint(wrist joint) ulna radius scaphoid bone lunate bone Triquetral bone Intercarpal joint Carpometacarpal joint Metacarpophalangeal joints interphalangeal joints Joints of lower limb (Articulation-Indirect connect) Hip Joint Knee joint Joints of feet Joints of lower limb (Articulation-Indirect connect) Hip Joint Femur Hip Bone (acetabulum) Knee joint Femur Tibia Patella Joints of Feet (Articulation-Indirect connect) Ankle joint Tibia fibula Talus Intertarsal joint tarsometatarsal joint metatarsophalangeal joint interphalangeal joint Hip Joint Femur Hip Bone (acetabulum) Knee joint Femur Tibia Patella Joints of Feet (Articulation-Indirect connect) Ankle joint Tibia fibula Talus Intertarsal joint tarsometatarsal joint metatarsophalangeal joint interphalangeal joint .