Jerusalem story told by its gradens The Castel National Park A stirring national site On November 29, 1947, the General Assembly of the guard posted at the Castel saw fi gures; he shot and United Nations voted in favor of the Partition Plan killed them, without knowing who he hit. that commemorates the for Palestine. The Arabs did not accept the decision, In light of what had happened, the Arabs began a leading to the outbreak of the War of Independence. In struggle for the road to massive attack at 10 a.m. the next day against the its early stages, the war was fought as a civil war. The exhausted fi ghters of the Moriah Battalion, conquering Jerusalem during the War of Arabs focused on cutting off the roads to the Jewish the Castel. Reinforcements left Kiryat Anavim at noon, settlements and the Jews attempted to break through Independence. At the site are but when they arrived, the Castel had already fallen. the blockade using convoys of trucks and armored All that was left was to organize the withdrawal. bunkers and communication buses (“sandwiches”). Shimon Alfasi, deputy commander of the force, led by trenches from the war, and By March 1948, 1,200 Jews had been killed on the roads, Nahum Arieli, ordered: “The privates will retreat and signs and fi lms depicting the about half of them civilians. The Jews understood the commanders will remain to cover them.” All of the that they had to change their strategy. On April 3, Palmach members who remained to provide cover for course of the battle. 1948, after the arrival of a large arms shipment from their comrades, and all of the reinforcements who had Czechoslovakia, the Jewish forces launched their fi rst ascended the mountain, were killed. Of all those who attack, in the framework of “Operation Nachshon”. attempted retreat, only four remained alive. The Castel lies at the top of a hill that overlooks the A brigade force of 1,500 men seized land on the way road that stretches from the Coastal Plain to Jerusalem. On April 9, a Palmach force arrived at the Castel and to Jerusalem in order to engineer a change on this Some associate the Castel with Mount Efron, located found the site empty of Arab fi ghters; they had gone to front. The Battle of the Castel was fought during this at the territorial border between the tribes of Judah participate in the funeral of their revered commander operation, at the end of which the siege of Jerusalem and Benjamin (Joshua 14: 9); the origin of the name is Husseini. Since then, the Castel has remained in Jewish was breached. the Roman word Castellum, meaning fortress. At the hands. The Castel remained in Arab hands until April 3. On time, the road from Emmaus in the Valley of Ayalon Eighteen Palmach members and 31 fighters of the that date, a Palmach force left the village of Kiryat to Jerusalem passed along the foot of the Castel. Field Force were killed in the battle. Dozens were Anavim and conquered the village, met by almost no In the 12th century, the Crusaders built a fortress called wounded. The conquest of the Castel symbolizes a resistance. After its conquest, the site was placed under Castellum Belveer (in French: “the castle with the strategic change in the struggle of the JewishYishuv: the control of the fi ghters Moriah Battalion. beautiful view”) on the mountain. The Crusader fortress no further attempts to break the Arab siege using was a link in a chain of fortifi cations established in the Then, by Apri l7, hundreds of Arabs attacked the Castel convoys; rather, an offensive strategy was adopted to Jerusalem hills. Later, a small Arab village, the Castel, in a continuous bombardment. On April 8, Abd al-Qader conquer territories, in order to create Jewish control was built there, preserving the ancient Roman name al-Husseini, the revered commander of the Arab sector, of the territory on the way to Jerusalem. for the place. arrived in the area at dawn. In the dark of night, the Jerusalem story told by its gradens The Wohl Rose Park A wonderful rose garden used contributions from Vivian and Morris Wohl and the The lamp was given as a gift to the young State of Jerusalem Foundation. Israel by various individuals, including members of the to receive dignitaries and a British Parliament, in 1956. The creator of the lamp is The garden is spread over 81 dunams and has about green recreation spot located the British-Jewish artist Benno Elkan. About 30 reliefs 15,000 rose bushes of 400 different species. The roses in depicting the history of the Jewish people throughout near the Knesset building, the park are displayed in plots according to their color the generations are engraved onto the menorah. government offi ces and the and their use in gardening. Each plot has explanatory Supreme Court. Next to the signs describing the variety of rose and its origins. In In the park, receptions are occasionally held for import- the Garden of Nations, the roses are planted according ant guests of the State of Israel and of the Jerusalem garden is the famous Knesset to the countries in which they were cultivated. In 2003, Municipality. In contrast, demonstrators also gather Menorah. the Wohl Rose Park was awarded the International in the garden to protest in front of the Knesset and Award of Excellence by the World Federation of Rose the government. Societies (WFRS) for its activities in the area of roses The fi rst ornamental garden in the government com- and its accessibility to the public. plex was established in the early 1950’s. At the time, Three ancient Jewish burial caves were discovered the garden was called “The President’s Garden”. This during the preparation of the park. Archaeologists was the place where offi cial ceremonies were held, have determined that the caves were hewn during the and the public was not allowed to visit it. Only in the Second Temple period, and testify to a Judean settlement 1960’s, following a public struggle, did the park open that existed there 2,000 years ago. The rose park also to the general public; paths were paved and the fi rst includes an ancient mosaic fl oor from the Byzantine benches were erected during that period. period (about 1,500 years ago), which was transferred In 1978, Jerusalem was preparing to host the International there from the Harod Valley. At the heart of the park is Rose Exhibition, which was to be held in Israel in 1981. a small artifi cial lake fed by open channels and small At the initiative of rose lovers and with the support waterfalls. of Teddy Kollek, the Mayor, it was decided to turn Next to the Rose Garden is the famous Knesset Menorah the President’s Park into a special garden for roses. - a magnifi cent work of bronze, about fi ve meters high. The Rose Park was established with the support of Jerusalem story told by its gradens The Garden of Resurrection The garden, found within the conquered the Jewish Quarter and the Old City. The area The central part of the garden houses the well-preserved returned to the control of the State of Israel during the remains of the Armenian Monastery of St. Stephen, walls of the Old City, is sur- Six-Day War (1967), and the State began to rehabilitate built during the Crusader period (about 900 years ago). rounded by fascinating past it, also performing archaeological excavations. It was Many of the monastery’s pillars are visible, as are sites. The name of the garden the fi rst time that the quarter had been thoroughly some of its exterior walls. With the establishment of and scientifically excavated, and fascinating finds the Garden of Resurrection, sports facilities, including expresses the rebirth of the from various periods in Jerusalem’s long history were soccer fi elds, basketball courts and table tennis courts, Jewish quarter from its ashes revealed. Following the excavations, steps were taken were built near the remains of the monastery. to present the fi ndings to the public. after having suffered contin- Remains of Zion Gate dated from earlier periods uous destruction. The most important archaeological fi nds were discov- were discovered in the western part of the Garden of ered in the eastern part of the Garden of Resurrection. Resurrection. The present-day Zion Gate, set in the These included the ancient water reservoirs of the Nea Ottoman city wall (from the 16th century), is located to The location of the garden, near the southern wall of Church, built by the Byzantine Emperor Justinian. The the west of, and is higher than, the historic Zion Gate. the Old City, has a long history. In the 19thcentury,one church, which was the largest church in Jerusalem in The ancient gate stood at the end of the ancient cardo, part of it, near the Zion Gate, housed miserable people the 6th century, sprawled over a vast area (116 x 52 m), and its remains, in the form of a large gatehouse with suffering from leprosy who were ostracized from an area slightly larger than a football fi eld! thick walls, are still visible today. society due to their contagious disease. Their houses The area of the hill was not large enough for the em- turned towards the wall so that the townspeople would peror to build the church, and he therefore expanded not have to suffer the sight of their faces. It was only its boundaries artificially.