Antalya’s Landscape LE:NOTRE Landscape Forum 2012 Edited by: Richard Stiles, Veli Ortaçeşme, Sophia Meeres, Harlind Libbrecht, Simon Bell, Jeroen de Vries LE:NOTRE Landscape Monographs T is project has been funded with support from the European Commission. T is publication ref ects the views only of the au- thor, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein All explanations, data, results etc. contained in this book have been made by the authors to the best of their knowledge and have been approved with care. However, some errors could not be excluded. For this reason the explanations etc. are given without any obligations or guarantee by the authors, editors and publisher. T ey cannot take over any responsibility for eventual erroneous contents. © All rights reserved. No part of these proceedings may be reproduced by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. © 2013 Copyediting: Gabriela Maksymiuk Layout & DTP: Magraf – Małgorzata Pawlikowska, ul. Telewizyjna 19, 01-492 Warszawa, Poland Printed in Poland: Mazowieckie Centrum Poligraf i, ul. Duża 1, 05-270 Marki, Poland ISBN: 978-90-820558-0-1 Table of contents Chapter 1 Introduction . .5 Richard Stiles Chapter 2 Urban and Regional Landscapes in Antalya . .12 Veli Ortaçeşme, Meryem Atik Chapter 3 Rural change: landscape and lifestyles . .53 Sophia Meeres, Ingrid Sarlöv-Herlin, Ellen Fetzer, Sandra Costa, Damian Perez Beverinotti, Tong Mahn Ahn, Nilgul Karadeniz, Ahmet Benliay, Veli Ortaçeşme Chapter 4 Heritage and Identities . .93 Harlind Libbrecht, Graham Fairclough, Guillermo S. Reher, Selçuk Sayan, Emel Baylan, Ruben Joye, Fernando Martínez Agustoni, Ahmed Alomary Chapter 5 Sustainable Tourism . 145 Simon Bell (ed.), Marlies Brinkhuijsen (ed.), Meryem Atik, Ulrike Pröbstl-Haider, Alexandra Jiricka, Marilyn Larden, Maria Tratsela, Frederico Meireles Rodrigues, Maggie Roe, Susana Alves Chapter 6 Urban Landscapes and Peri-urban Sprawl . 182 Jeroen de Vries (ed.), Richard Stiles, Veli Ortaçeşme, Meryem Atik, Gabriela Maksymiuk, Elke Mertens, Chapter 7 Antalya’s Lanscapes – Concluding Ref ections . 217 Richard Stiles Chapter 1 Introduction Richard Stiles 1.1 Designing the LE:NOTRE Landscape Forum Antalya’s Landscape (T is volume) is the tangible to intensifying the dialogue between the people ta- outcome of the f rst LE:NOTRE Landscape Forum, king part in the meeting. which was held over four days in April 2012 and ho- sted by the Department of Landscape Architecture at ‘Never enough time for discussion’ is a common cri- Akdeniz University. T e Forum was the result of an ticism which is heard of many if not most academic attempt to develop a new kind of academic meeting conferences. Participants tend to spend much of the- – one which dif ered fundamentally in form and ap- ir time sitting and being ‘presented at’ by colleagues proach from the familiar model of the traditional who, despite this, never really seem to have enough academic conference – and so before introducing this time to elaborate upon the ideas presented in the- publication in more detail, it is perhaps important ir papers, while they sit and wait to make their own brief y to outline the nature, origins and ideas behind modest contribution to this process. Many words and the Forum which gave rise to this volume. much paper result, but the amount of meaningful communication which takes place is of en very limi- Even if it was to be the f rst of a new kind of event, ted. Frequently the most interesting and productive the Antalya Forum was also the penultimate annual discussions are the spontaneous ones which take pla- event of the LE:NOTRE1 Project, which has run as ce during the cof ee and lunch breaks. an academic Network Project co-funded by the Euro- pean Union since 2002 and is due to come to an end T e concept for the LE:NOTRE Landscape Forum in 2013. Previous incarnations of the annual Network sought, therefore, to change all this by reversing the meeting had experimented with various formats, but existing situation and putting discussion, dialogue these were mostly variations on the theme of work- and discourse at the centre of the meeting. T ere wo- shops focussing on making progress in developing uld be no formal presentation of papers apart from the formal project outputs. While this may have made a limited number of selected ‘keynotes’, while the di- sense within the internal logic of the project, it beca- scussion would be initiated in the context of a series me increasingly unsatisfactory as an approach, with of ‘round tables’ in which invited ‘experts’ would take the ‘outputs’ seeming to become an end in themselves part. Both the keynote presentations and the round rather than a means to the broader and longer term tables would be based around one of four broad gene- goal of developing closer cooperation and collabora- ric landscape themes, which were chosen to provide tion within the discipline across Europe and indeed an overall structure both for the Antalya meeting, but internationally. also for future events. T ese themes were also the ba- sis for four thematic working groups, for one of which T erefore, with a view to starting to secure the achie- each Forum participant was expected to register. vements of the project for the future, beyond the of - cial end of the project funding period, it was felt that T e second ‘unique selling point’ of the new Forum the new format of the meeting should put the land- concept was that its fundamental purpose should scape itself at the centre of its activities. So, in ref ec- also be diametrically opposite to that of the traditio- tion of all good landscapes, the event was conceived nal conference. Traditional conferences are devoted to take the form of a dialogue between people and in large part to the presentation and (if there is ever place, with considerable importance also being given time!) discussion of end products, results and outco- mes. T e LE:NOTRE Landscape Forum, by contrast, 1 The LE:NOTRE Project is a ‘Thematic Network’ in land- would aim to makes its contribution at the other end scape architecture, which has been co-funded by the Euro- of the process – in helping to provide a stimulating pean Union since 2002, as part of its ERASMUS and subsequ- ently Lifelong Learning Programmes. Since its inception, the and creative environment which would help to gene- Network has involved some 250 university landscape archi- rate and develop new ideas for research projects; te- tecture departments initially from Europe and subsequently aching approaches and collaborations. worldwide. 6 Introduction Chapter 1 T e third characteristic component, the ‘place’ ele- Finally it was resolved that the discourse should ment, would be provided by the local landscape at not be restricted just to the interchanges which co- the location where the event was held. T is would be uld take place during the Forum itself, but that the explored directly through a series of f eld visits. As al- four thematic groups should convene ‘virtually’ in ready mentioned, the ‘people’ component was to be advance of the Forum and subsequently continue focussed around four thematic working groups, in their work which would focus on the preparation of the context of which participants at the Forum would a joint publication to provide a record of their deli- engage in a process of dialogue and discussion rela- berations and responses to the landscape which they ting to dif erent aspects of the four selected landscape had explored during the Forum. T is, then, was the themes – education, research and innovative practice generic ‘recipe’ which was created to structure the – in each case in relation to the local landscape. Fur- new LE:NOTRE Landscape Forum, but the proof of thermore the dialogue and discussion would be bro- concept had to be lef to the meeting itself, and this adened and enriched by inviting colleagues from re- publication is the result. lated landscape disciplines to take part in the Forum. Figure 1.1. Round table on the morning of the second day of the Forum (Picture: Akdeniz University). Introduction 7 1.2 Sampling ‘Antalya’s Landscape’ T is process of preparing for the Antalya Forum be- city and region from an informed academic perspec- gan early in the organisation phase, and most impor- tive. It starts by outlining the geographic and ecologi- tantly involved the preparation of a basic ‘handbook’ cal context of the city, the development of the cultural which was intended to provide ‘f rst look’ at the local landscape and the historic growth of the settlement and regional landscape. In practice this took the form pattern, in particular the more recent developments of a detailed document compiled by colleagues from and rapid urbanisation in response to Antalya’s desi- the Department of Landscape Architecture at Akde- gnation as a focus for tourism development as part of niz University that was made available to participants a national strategy. It goes on to address themes such in the meeting well in advance of the Forum itself, and as the main green and open spaces, the demographics provided an essential introduction to the landscape of city and region and the ways in which urban open issues of the city and its surroundings. T e intention space is used by residents and tourists, as well as con- was to make it possible for everyone taking part to sidering local landscape planning, design and mana- ‘hit the ground running’ as far as their understanding gement issues, in particular the implications of the of local landscape issues was concerned.