Environmental and Social Impact Report for Construction of Bridges on Torit Kapoeta Road Draft Ministry of Roads and Bridges June 2016 www.smec.com 5116021 | Unit Rate Analysis Report | Draft Ver #02 | 02 January 2016 Page i TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY.................................................................................................................. 7 1 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................15 1.1 Background Information................................................................................................. 15 1.2 Description of the Project............................................................................................... 16 1.3 Importance of the Project .............................................................................................. 17 1.4 Requirement for an Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) .................... 17 1.5 Project Component......................................................................................................... 17 1.6 Objectives of Environmental and Social Impact Assessment ......................................... 18 1.7 Environmental Impact Assessment Methodology.......................................................... 18 1.8 Contents of the ESIA report............................................................................................ 20 2 POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK .............................................................21 2.1 Regulatory Framework for Environmental Management .............................................. 21 2.1.1 The Constitution of South Sudan............................................................................ 21 2.1.2 The Interim National Constitution of South Sudan (ICSS)...................................... 21 2.1.3 The Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) ........................................................ 21 2.1.4 The Transitional Constitution of the Republic of South Sudan, 2011 (TCRSS) ....... 22 2.1.5 Environment Policy (2010) ..................................................................................... 22 2.1.6 Draft Environment Protection Bill (2010)............................................................... 22 2.1.7 National Environmental and Social Screening Assessment Framework (ESSAF) ... 23 2.1.8 Land Act 2009......................................................................................................... 23 2.1.9 Wildlife Conservation and National Parks Act 2003............................................... 25 2.1.10 The Forestry Commission Act, 2003....................................................................... 25 2.1.11 Wildlife Conservation and Protected Areas Bill, 2010 ........................................... 26 2.1.12 Draft Forestry Policy............................................................................................... 26 2.1.13 Mines and Quarries Act 1972................................................................................. 26 2.1.14 Traffic Act ............................................................................................................... 26 2.1.15 World Bank safeguard policies triggered by the project .................................... 27 2.2 International Conventions and Treaties ......................................................................... 28 2.3 Institutional Arrangements............................................................................................. 29 3 DESCRIPTION OF PROECT AND JUSTIFICATION ...................................................................31 4 DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT ENVIRONMENT ............................................................................32 4.1 Physical Setting............................................................................................................... 32 4.1.1 Location .................................................................................................................. 32 4.1.2 Topography and Soils ............................................................................................. 32 4.1.3 Geology................................................................................................................... 33 4.1.4 Rainfall and Temperature....................................................................................... 33 4.1.5 Agro-Economical Zoning within South Sudan ........................................................ 34 4.1.6 Drainage Pattern and Surface Water ..................................................................... 35 4.1.7 Soil Erosion ............................................................................................................. 35 4.2 Historic and Cultural Resources...................................................................................... 36 150616 | ESIA Report – Construction of Nine Bridges between Torit and Kapoeta | June 2016 Page i 4.3 Biological Resources and Ecological Analysis ................................................................. 37 4.3.1 Vegetation Description........................................................................................... 37 4.4 Socio Economic Baseline Results and Discussions.......................................................... 38 4.4.1 Social Environment................................................................................................. 38 4.4.2 Religion................................................................................................................... 38 4.4.3 Economic Environment .......................................................................................... 42 4.4.4 Community Health Status....................................................................................... 47 5 DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT ..............................................................................52 5.1 Kapoeta –Torit Bridges ................................................................................................... 52 5.1.1 Road Condition between Kapoeta and Torit.......................................................... 53 5.1.2 Activities Associated with the Construction of bridges and approach roads......... 53 5.1.3 Sources of Construction materials for bridges project........................................... 54 5.2 Clearance for the Project................................................................................................ 55 5.3 Specific Environmental Characteristics of the Proposed Bridges................................... 55 6 PRESENTATION OF ALTERNATIVES CONSIDERED AND COMPARISONS....................................59 6.1 Project alternatives......................................................................................................... 59 6.2 The “No Project” Alternative .......................................................................................... 59 6.3 Alternative I – Use of Existing road route for Bridges and Approach Roads.................. 59 6.4 Alternative II – Construction of all bridges on New alignment ...................................... 60 6.5 Alternative III – The realignment alternatives................................................................ 60 6.6 Advantage....................................................................................................................... 61 6.7 Dis-advantage ................................................................................................................. 61 6.8 Quarry and borrow pit sites............................................................................................ 61 6.9 Campsites........................................................................................................................ 61 6.10 Results of comparison of alternatives ............................................................................ 61 7 POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS.............................................................62 7.1 Positive Impacts or Project Benefits............................................................................... 62 7.1.1 Improvement of Internal and Regional Trade........................................................ 62 7.1.2 Improved access to social services due to availability of reliable and faster road transportation........................................................................................................................ 63 7.1.3 Employment creation and income improvement .................................................. 63 7.1.4 Other benefits mentioned by stakeholders ........................................................... 63 7.2 Biological Environment................................................................................................... 63 7.2.1 Climate change ....................................................................................................... 63 7.2.2 Natural vegetation.................................................................................................. 63 7.2.3 Wildlife.................................................................................................................... 64 7.3 Physical Environment ..................................................................................................... 64 7.3.1 Interference with natural flow of rivers and sedimentation.................................. 64 7.4 Human Environment......................................................................................................