DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT FOR TESTING SWIMMER/DIVER DETECTION SYSTEMS U.S. Department of Homeland Security 245 Murray Lane S.W., Bldg. 410 Washington, D. C. January 2010 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT FOR TESTING SWIMMER/DIVER DETECTION SYSTEMS Insert DHS Finding of No Significant Impact (FONSI) Letter Here U.S. Department of Homeland Security January 2010 ii DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT FOR TESTING SWIMMER/DIVER DETECTION SYSTEMS DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT FOR TESTING SWIMMER/DIVER DETECTION SYSTEMS RESPONSIBLE AGENCY: U.S. Department of Homeland Security • Borders and Maritime Security Division, Science and Technology Directorate ORGANIZATIONS DESIGNING AND CONDUCTING TESTING: ® BioSonics , Seattle, Washington FarSounder, Inc. of Providence, Rhode Island Applied Physical Science (APS) Corporation of Groton, Connecticut TITLE OF PROPOSED ACTION: Testing Swimmer/Diver Detection Systems ACTION LOCATIONS: Washington, Connecticut, Rhode Island, and Massachusetts CONTACT PERSON AT RESPONSIBLE COMMAND: Leslee Shumway, Program Manager, Borders and Maritime Security Division, Science and Technology Directorate, U.S. Department of Homeland Security • Contact Information: 245 Murray Lane S.W., Bldg. 410, Washington, D.C. 20528 REFERENCE: This Draft Environmental Assessment (EA) is prepared pursuant to 40 CFR 1500-1508, CEQ Regulations for Implementing the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) (http://ceq.hss.doe.gov/ Nepa/regs/ceq/toc_ceq.htm). PUBLIC COMMENTS: Comments on this Draft EA must be received by the Department of Homeland Security 30 days after receipt of document. ABSTRACT: The U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) is tasked with providing comprehensive protection to more than 360 ports and port facilities, nationwide. To meet this requirement, DHS has funded the development and testing of three sonar systems for the purpose of underwater acoustic swimmer/diver detection. These systems are: 1) the DT-X or DE-X EchoSounder Systems developed by BioSonics®, Inc. of Seattle, Washington; 2) the Low Cost Underwater Threat Detection System developed by Applied Physical Science Corporation of Groton, Connecticut; and 3) the FS3DT or the FS100kHz Systems developed by FarSounder, Inc. of Providence, Rhode Island. One or more of these systems may be selected for further development and installation as a swimmer/diver detection system in important civilian and military harbors, installations, and facilities that are adjacent to or may be accessed via the water (i.e., rivers, harbors, or lakes). The proposed action identified in this Environmental Assessment (EA) includes the continuing developmental and engineering testing of each of the three systems and ultimately a demonstration of the system efficacy to DHS. This involves a maximum of 12 days of testing over 6 to 12 months. Each day of testing would include about 4 hours of active transmissions but some tests could last up to 8 hours. Eight potential test sites have been identified in four states (Washington, Rhode Island, Connecticut, and Massachusetts). A thorough analysis of all potential impacts from the testing of these systems was investigated, including an acoustic analysis using the latest science on the susceptibility of fish, sea turtles, and marine mammals to acoustic transmissions; the latest acoustic thresholds for these species, and the most appropriate calculation techniques. Based on the scientific analysis, the proposed action will not individually nor cumulatively have a significant impact on the environment nor will it have a significant impact on species or critical habitats listed under the Endangered Species Act (ESA). No reasonably foreseeable takes of marine mammals are expected as a result of the proposed action. There would be no degradation to the quality and/or quantity of essential fish habitats (EFH) or habitat areas of particular concern from the proposed testing. No coral reefs occur near any of proposed test sites. Finally, no foreseeable direct or indirect effects on any current or future coastal uses or resources are expected as a result of the proposed action. U.S. Department of Homeland Security January 2010 iii DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT FOR TESTING SWIMMER/DIVER DETECTION SYSTEMS Executive Summary The U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) has utilized the Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Program to fund the development and testing of three sonar systems for the purpose of underwater acoustic swimmer/diver detection. These systems are: 1) the DT-X or DE-X EchoSounder Systems developed by BioSonics®, Inc. of Seattle, Washington (WA); 2) the Low Cost Underwater Threat Detection System developed by Applied Physical Science (APS) Corporation of Groton, Connecticut (CT); and 3) the FS3DT or the FS100kHz Systems developed by FarSounder, Inc. of Providence, Rhode Island (RI). Following a period of development and evaluation, one or more of these systems may be selected for further testing and development as well as installation as a swimmer/diver detection system in important civilian and military harbors and coastal facilities that are adjacent to or may be accessed via the water (i.e., rivers, harbors, or lakes). However, additional National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) documentation and review would be required for any action beyond the scope of the testing and evaluation assessed in this Environmental Assessment (EA). The scope of the environmental impact review documented in this EA was limited to the proposed test series; the results of this testing are needed by DHS to determine whether to proceed further with development of this swimmer/diver detection technology. It is not the intent or purpose to use any conclusions or findings from this environmental impact review to address or predict any future uses of these systems. DHS is tasked with providing comprehensive protection to more than 360 ports and port facilities, nationwide. One aspect of this requirement is the protection of these facilities from potential attack or infiltration by underwater swimmers. The U.S. has many critical infrastructure sites and high value dollar assets located in port and coastal regions. Chemical companies, oil refineries, power plants, tankers, and cruise ships are examples of coastal assets that are vulnerable to attack by swimmers and divers. These coastal businesses and vessels could be covertly approached by swimmers and divers whose intent would be to use explosives to wreak great damage to the coastal waters and flow of commerce, and cause injury and loss of life of many workers and residents. At the request of the U.S. Coast Guard, the DHS’s Science and Technology Directorate has developed three prototype systems that are designed to detect swimmers and divers and alert security forces of their presence. By using the SBIR Program, DHS hopes to encourage small businesses to identify and develop the sonar technologies and systems necessary to provide a reliable underwater swimmer/diver detection capability. Integral to this development effort is the requirement to test and evaluate the proposed systems in situ and in varying acoustic environmental conditions. The detection systems emit underwater sound (“pings”) to detect and locate the swimmer/divers. Those pings are, by design, less harmful to aquatic life than commercial fish-finder sonars. The proposed action identified in the EA includes the continuing developmental and engineering testing of each of the three systems and ultimately a demonstration of the system efficacy to DHS. To accomplish this, a conservatively estimated maximum of 12 days of testing would be required over a 6 to 12 month period in order to develop and then demonstrate each of these systems. Each of these days of testing would include about 4 hours of active transmissions, but some tests could last up to 8 hours. Eight potential test sites have been identified in four states (Washington, Rhode Island, Connecticut, and Massachusetts) and the “Affected Environment” for each of these sites was investigated in this EA. One of these eight test sites, an optional backup site for the BioSonics® system tests, is located in Dabob Bay, Washington (WA). This test site is a part of the U.S. Navy’s Dabob Bay Range Complex (DBRC) near Bremerton, WA. An existing EA written by the personnel at the Naval Undersea Warfare Center (NUWC), Keyport includes the operation of systems like the BioSonics® system on the DBRC. Keyport range personnel have reviewed an application to conduct operations on their range and have responded by memorandum (Appendix A) that this system is addressed by their EA. If and when an actual test is scheduled for the DBRC, the Range will issue an approval letter, authorizing the test and stipulating all safety and protective requirements. The nominal scenario for testing begins with a small transducer (approximately a cubic foot in volume or less) that would be lowered into the water column and activated (i.e., begin active acoustic transmissions). Echoes of these signals would then be received by the same hydrophones that U.S. Department of Homeland Security January 2010 iv DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT FOR TESTING SWIMMER/DIVER DETECTION SYSTEMS transmitted the signal and processed electronically to determine if a diver was present. These tests would be conducted from existing piers, seawalls, or other man-made coastal structure, and from small boats or barges. If testing would be conducted from watercraft, the boats or barges would remain within the areas identified