Study on Media Consumption and the Level of Misinformation in Armenia (N-2019-0477-2) (Summary) This study was carried out within the framework of sub-grant program provided by the “Union of Informed Citizens” Consulting NGO. Armenia 2019 Methodology Survey type Quantitative, sampled Semi-structured interview, CAPI (Computer-assisted Research method personal interviewing*) Survey period June 23-July 9, 2019 Sample size (n) 1200 interviews Distributed among all RA regions (including Yerevan) Sample distribution in RA in proportion with the number of population Stratified, clustered sampling based on the principle Sample type of randomness 95% confidence interval, ±2.8% margin of error Confidence range, margin of error 18 years old and older Age of respondents * Computer-assisted personal interviewing is an interviewing technique through which the interviewer enters the data obtained from the respondent during the face-to-face interview into the electronic questionnaire installed on the computer. Sex and Age Distribution of Respondents Age groups of respondents 17.8% Sex of respondents 18 -25 19.6% 26 -35 35 12.4% 36 – 45 65 18.4% 46 – 55 Male Female 56 – 65 20.0% 66 and older 11.8% APR Group Geography of the Survey APR Group The graph does not show the answers that received less than 1%. APR Group What kind of information do you mostly find interesting? Domestic political processes 18.1% Music 12.6% Social 11.8% Entertainment 10.4% Economy 9.8% Foreign policy 8.1% Culture 7.1% Sports 5.8% Daily life (related to the lives of friends) 5.4% Human rights 4.7% Incidents / accidents / emergencies 2.5% Crimes 1.1% n=1200 Total=100% 0.0% 2.0% 4.0% 6.0% 8.0% 10.0% 12.0% 14.0% 16.0% 18.0% 20.0% APR Group What kind of information do you mostly find interesting? Answers according to age group. 50.0% Domestic political events Musical Social Economic Foreign Policy 45.0% 43.3% 40.0% 39.5% 35.0% 34.4% 32.5% 30.0% 23.8% 25.0% 23.2% 19.9% 19.9% 22.6% 19.7% 21.8% 20.0% 21.8% 16.6% 19.2% 15.6% 22.1% 17.0% 15.0% 15.2% 15.4% 15.4% 12.9% 10.0% 8.0% 7.6% 6.3% 5.0% 6.2% 0.0% 18 -25 26 -35 36 – 45 46 – 60 61 and older APR Group What kind of information do you mostly find interesting? Answers according to education 45.0% 42.0% 39.7% 40.0% 35.0% 33.2% 34.7% 30.0% 29.0% 30.4% 29.1% 29.1% 27.3% 26.6% 26.6% 23.8% 25.0% 25.1% 20.9% 22.5% 20.0% 20.0% 18.7% 17.6% 15.0% 14.4% 14.9% 15.9% 10.9% 11.1% 10.0% 6.7% 3.0% 4.8% 5.0% 4.1% 6.3% 5.4% .3% 2.9% 0.0% .8% 1.0% 0.0% .6% .4% Domestic political Music Social Entertainment Economic Foreign policy events Elementary Incomplete Secondary (8 years) Secondary (10-12-years) Secondary professional (vocational schools / incomplete higher) Higher without Master's degree Higher (with Master's degree / academic degree APR Group Can you mention where/ from whom you received news (information) you mostly find interesting during the last 3 days? Television 27.4% Social networks 24.6% Online media 11.7% Nowhere 11.1% Family members 8.0% Friends 7.8% Colleagues 3.2% Neighbours 2.1% Radio 1.8% Difficult to answer 1.1% n=1200, total=100% 0.0% 5.0% 10.0% 15.0% 20.0% 25.0% 30.0% APR Group What are the main sources of information for you? Internet 36.5% Television 35.7% Family members 8.2% Friends 7.2% Colleagues 3.7% Radio 3.7% Neighbours 3.2% Print media 1.5% n=1200, total=100%* 0.0% 5.0% 10.0% 15.0% 20.0% 25.0% 30.0% 35.0% 40.0% *The calculation was done by responses APR Group What do you usually do with the information received? I only read, listen and watch 67.3% Dicuss with friends and relatives 55.3% Discuss with colleagues 14.8% Share in social networks 10.4% Comment in social networks 7.6% I start live video (broadcast video communication) 2.0% total>100% 0.0% 10.0% 20.0% 30.0% 40.0% 50.0% 60.0% 70.0% 80.0% APR Group The degree of trust in the source of information Definitely trust trust I rather Neither trust nor distrust trust don’t I rather at all trust Don’t to or answer Difficult to answerrefuse Total Friends (n=1148) * 13.7% 24.4% 30.1% 11.6% 19.3% 1.0% 100.0% Colleagues (n=631) 15.4% 32.8% 24.9% 10.8% 15.1% 1.1% 100.0% Family members (n=1132) 67.2% 20.1% 7.2% 2.5% 2.5% 0.5% 100.0% Neighbors (n=1031) 9.9% 20.0% 21.5% 14.1% 33.5% 1.1% 100.0% 14.3% 35.9% 23.4% 11.3% 14.0% 1.1% 100.0% Television (n=1123) Radio (n=356) 18.8% 40.4% 18.0% 9.6% 11.2% 2.0% 100.0% Online media (n=810) 6.2% 30.2% 30.1% 18.6% 14.1% 0.7% 100.0% Social network (n=828) 4.3% 22.7% 30.0% 21.5% 20.7% 0.9% 100.0% Print media (newspapers) (n=239) 17.2% 36.8% 20.9% 11.3% 10.9% 3.0% 100.0% Live broadcast of any individual or public 22.0% 26.4% 16.3% 9.8% 20.6% 4.8% 100.0% official (n=804) * The option "Not applicable" was not taken into account when calculating the data distribution. “n” is the number of respondents to whom the question is applicable, that is, they use the given source. APR Group To what extent do you agree with the following statements? Television Radio Printed newspapers Internet refuse refuse refuse refuse Agree Disagree Hard or to answer Agree Disagree Hard or to answer Agree Disagree Hard or to answer Agree Disagree Hard or to answer It is the most reliable source of information 64.8% 33.6% 1.6% 71.0% 27.0% 2.0% 59.4% 35.5% 5.0% 50.3% 42.5% 7.2% It is an integral part of everyday life 51.4% 48.5% 0.1% 44.3% 55.0% 0.7% 32.7% 67.3% 0.0% 39.9% 57.4% 2.7% Provides interesting entertainment 76.9% 22.3% 0.8% 79.2% 20.5% 0.3% 55.0% 41.7% 3.3% 63.4% 28.1% 8.5% Educates people 65.3% 33.0% 1.7% 68.7% 28.3% 2.9% 73.3% 23.9% 2.8% 54.2% 38.2% 7.7% Wastes time 35.0% 63.7% 1.3% 9.4% 88.9% 1.6% 16.1% 80.5% 3.3% 50.3% 43.3% 6.5% Distracts people from important issues 52.4% 45.4% 2.2% 18.9% 78.2% 1.6% 18.9% 76.7% 4.4% 61.9% 31.3% 6.8% APR Group Distribution of active and passive consumers of information by sex Difference from the Percentage total* Male Female Male Female I only read, listen and watch 37.1% 62.9% 1.9 -1.9 Discuss with friends and relatives 34.3% 65.7% -0.9 0.9 Discuss with colleagues 43.8% 56.2% 8.6 -8.6 Share on social networks 27.2% 72.8% -8.0 8.0 Comment on social networks 27.5% 72.5% -7.7 7.7 Start live video (broadcast video) 28.6% 71.4% -6.6 6.6 Distribution of all survey participants by gender 35.2% 64.8% •The difference between the total respondents and respondent distribution by age among those who selected the given option gives an opportunity to understand which gender is more prone to the given option. If the difference is marked with a positive sign, it means they are more prone. The greater the value of the difference, the more prone they are to the particular option. APR Group Distribution of active and passive consumers of information by age 18-25 26-35 36-45 46-55 56-65 65 and Total older I only read, listen and watch 15.7% 20.2% 19.0% 9.3% 19.0% 16.9% 100.0% Discuss with friends and relatives 10.2% 17.3% 17.9% 13.6% 21.4% 19.6% 100.0% Discuss with colleagues 5.6% 20.8% 21.3% 15.7% 23.0% 13.5% 100.0% Share on social networks 12.0% 36.8% 24.8% 12.8% 8.0% 5.6% 100.0% Comment on social networks 9.9% 24.2% 25.3% 16.5% 16.5% 7.7% 100.0% Start live video (broadcast video) 9.5% 23.8% 19.0% 33.3% 0.0% 14.3% 100.0% Distribution of all survey participants by 11.8% 20.0% 18.4% 12.4% 19.6% 17.8% 100.0% age APR Group Table 11. Distribution of active and passive consumers of information the type of settlement Settlement type Difference from total Urban Rural Urban Rural I only read, listen and watch 72.4% 27.6% 0.4 -0.4 Discuss with friends and relatives 70.2% 29.8% -1.8 1.8 Discuss with colleagues 83.7% 16.3% 11.7 -11.7 Share on social networks 77.6% 22.4% 5.6 -5.6 Comment on social networks 80.2% 19.8% 8.2 -8.2 Start live video (broadcast video) 81.0% 19.0% 9.0 -9.0 Distribution of all survey participants by settlement 72.0% 28.0% type APR Group Preferred language for receiving information from different sources Television Radio (412 Internet (1406 Printed newspapers (1699 responses) responses) responses) (250 responses) Armenian 61.4% 71.4% 57.1% 76.0% Russian 34.7% 24.8% 34.9% 20.8% English 3.0% 1.5% 6.9% 1.6% Doesn’t matter 0.7% 0.5% 0.5% 1.2% Other foreign 0.1% 1.7% 0.5% 0.0% language Not sure 0.0% 0.1% 0.0% 0.1% Total 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% APR Group Cross-sectional analysis of the questions “What do you usually do with the information received?” and “What are the main sources of information for you?” 60.0% 52.5% 50.0% 49.4% 40.0% 36.9% 40.4% 37.1% 36.3% 35.5% 30.7% 30.0% 32.8% 26.9% 26.5% 20.0% 4.2% 25.1% 8.8% 11.7% 13.0% 8.5% 8.8% 7.7% 2.6% 10.0% 5.8% 7.7% 9.6% 4.7% 4.6% 3.9% 2.2% 5.8% 6.2% 6.9% 8.6% 2.1% 1.2% 6.4% 3.5% 1.9% 3.4% 2.0% 5.0% 1.9% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 2.5% 3.1% Television Radio2.1% Online media Print media1.3% Family members Friends Colleagues Neighbors1.1% .6% Only read and watch Comment on social networks Disseminate on social networks Discuss with colleagues Discuss with family members/ relatives Start a live video APR Group What language do you usually prefer to get information in? Radio Internet 1% Television 2% 6% 25% Armenian 17% n=412 Russian 48% English Doesn't matter 72% 29% Other foreign language Not sure Printed newspaper 1% 3% 4% 16% 35% n=1699 61% 80% APR Group What language do you usually prefer to get information in from the following sources of information? - Television 60.0% 50.0% 50.0% 50.0% 40.0% 39.2% 33.3% 33.3% 29.1% 30.0% 29.5% 29.4% 30.3% 25.0% 23.4% 24.1% 23.7% 20.0% 19.0% 19.5% 22.4% 18.1% 18.5% 13.7% 14.5% 10.0% 10.4% 8.5% 9.8% 8.3% 9.2% 7.8% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% Armenian Russian English Doesn't matter Other foreign Not applicable (do languages (French,0.0% not read) German, Turkish,