IAEA-NS-IRRS-2019/06 - Rev. 1 ORIGINAL: English INTEGRATED REGULATORY REVIEW SERVICE (IRRS) TO THE UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND Bootle, UK 14 to 25 October 2019 DEPARTMENT OF NUCLEAR SAFETY AND SECURITY 1 INTEGRATED REGULATORY REVIEW SERVICE (IRRS) TO THE UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND 2 REPORT OF THE INTEGRATED REGULATORY REVIEW SERVICE (IRRS) MISSION TO THE UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND Rev. 1 (April 2020) Mission dates: 14 to 25 October 2019 Organizations involved: Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (BEIS); Department of Agriculture, Environment and Rural Affairs (DAERA); Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra); Department for Transport (DfT); Department of Health and Social Care (DHSC); Department of Work and Pensions (DWP); Care Quality Commission (CQC); Civil Aviation Authority (CAA); Environment Agency (EA); Food Standards Agency (FSA); Food Standards Scotland (FSS); Health and Safety Executive (HSE); Health and Safety Executive Northern Ireland (HSENI); Healthcare Improvement Scotland (HIS); Healthcare Inspectorate Wales (HIW); Maritime and Coastguard Agency (MCA); Natural Resources Wales (NRW); Northern Ireland Environment Agency (NIEA); Northern Ireland Health Department; Office for Nuclear Regulation (ONR); Public Health England (PHE); Regulation and Quality Improvement Authority (RQIA); Scottish Environment Protection Agency (SEPA); Scottish Environment Department; Scottish Health Department; Welsh Environment Department; Welsh Health Department. Location: Bootle, THE UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND Regulated facilities, Regulated facilities, activities and exposure situations in the scope of activities and exposure the IRRS mission: Nuclear Power Plants, Fuel Cycle Facilities, Waste situations in the scope of Management Facilities, Decommissioning Activities, Radiation the IRRS mission: Sources Applications, Transport of Radioactive Material, Planned and Existing Occupational, Medical and Public Exposure Situations. Organized by: International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) 3 IRRS REVIEW TEAM JAMMAL Ramzi Team Leader (Canada) FERON Fabien Deputy Team Leader (France) ALM-LYTZ Kirsi Reviewer (Finland) ALTORFER Felix Reviewer (Switzerland) BLADH Carl Reviewer (Sweden) CIUREA-ERCAU Cantemir Reviewer (Romania) DUFFY Jarlath Reviewer (Ireland) ELEK Richard Reviewer (Hungary) GRLICAREV Igor Reviewer (Slovenia) JANSEN Rob Reviewer (The Netherlands) KING Michael Reviewer (United States) KNOCHENHAUER Michael Reviewer (Sweden) LAREYNIE Olivier Reviewer (France) LIETAVA Peter Reviewer (Czech Republic) RAMSAMY Uma Reviewer (Australia) VANGALA Anuradha Reviewer (India) VUKOVINSKY Thomas Reviewer (United States) WEBSTER Philip Reviewer (Canada) CADET-MERCIER Sylvie Observer (France) MAZUR Anna Observer (Canada) NGUYEN Thuy Observer (Canada) KOBETZ Tim IRRS Team Coordinator (IAEA) HAILU Teodros IRRS Deputy Team Coordinator (IAEA) REBIKOVA Olga IRRS Administrative Assistant (IAEA) IAEA-2019 4 The number of recommendations, suggestions and good practices is in no way a measure of the status of the national infrastructure for nuclear and radiation safety. Comparisons of such numbers between IRRS reports from different countries should not be attempted. 5 CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................ 11 II. OBJECTIVE AND SCOPE......................................................................................................................... 12 III. BASIS FOR THE REVIEW........................................................................................................................ 13 1. RESPONSIBILITIES AND FUNCTIONS OF THE GOVERNMENT .................................................. 15 1.1 NATIONAL POLICY AND STRATEGY FOR SAFETY ....................................................................... 15 1.2 ESTABLISHMENT OF A FRAMEWORK FOR SAFETY .................................................................... 15 1.3 ESTABLISHMENT OF A REGULATORY BODY AND ITS INDEPENDENCE ............................... 16 1.4 RESPONSIBILITY FOR SAFETY AND COMPLIANCE WITH REGULATIONS ........................... 17 1.5 COORDINATION OF AUTHORITIES WITH RESPONSIBILITIES FOR SAFETY WITHIN THE REGULATORY FRAMEWORK ................................................................................. 18 1.6 SYSTEM FOR PROTECTIVE ACTIONS TO REDUCE EXISTING OR UNREGULATED RADIATION RISKS ................................................................................................................................ 19 1.7 PROVISIONS FOR THE DECOMMISSIONING OF FACILITIES AND THE MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE WASTE AND OF SPENT FUEL ......................................... 20 1.8 COMPETENCE FOR SAFETY ................................................................................................................. 22 1.9 PROVISION OF TECHNICAL SERVICES ............................................................................................. 23 1.10. POLICY ISSUE DISCUSSION: MANAGEMENT OF NUCLEAR MATERIAL AND RADIOACTIVE WASTE ........................................................................................................................ 23 1.11. SUMMARY ................................................................................................................................................ 24 2. THE GLOBAL SAFETY REGIME ........................................................................................................... 25 2.1 INTERNATIONAL OBLIGATIONS AND ARRANGEMENTS FOR INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION ...................................................................................................................................... 25 2.2 SHARING OF OPERATING EXPERIENCE AND REGULATORY EXPERIENCE ........................ 25 2.3. SUMMARY .................................................................................................................................................. 27 3. RESPONSIBILITIES AND FUNCTIONS OF THE REGULATORY BODY ...................................... 28 3.1. ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE OF THE REGULATORY BODY AND ALLOCATION OF RESOURCES ......................................................................................................... 31 3.2. EFFECTIVE INDEPENDENCE IN THE PERFORMANCE OF REGULATORY FUNCTIONS ............................................................................................................................................. 33 3.3. STAFFING AND COMPETENCE OF THE REGULATORY BODY ............................................... 34 3.4. LIAISON WITH ADVISORY BODIES AND SUPPORT ORGANIZATIONS ................................ 37 3.5. LIAISON BETWEEN THE REGULATORY BODY AND AUTHORIZED PARTIES ................... 38 3.6. STABILITY AND CONSISTENCY OF REGULATORY CONTROL .............................................. 39 3.7. SAFETY RELATED RECORDS ............................................................................................................ 40 3.8. COMMUNICATION AND CONSULTATION WITH INTERESTED PARTIES ........................... 41 3.9. POLICY ISSUE DISCUSSION: PUBLIC ENGAGEMENT AROUND RISK ..................................... 42 3.10. POLICY ISSUE DISCUSSION: REGULATORY INNOVATION AND REGULATING ADVANCED NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGIES ....................................................................................... 43 3.11. SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................................... 43 4. MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OF THE REGULATORY BODY .............................................................. 45 4.1. RESPONSIBILITY AND LEADERSHIP FOR SAFETY .................................................................... 45 6 4.2. RESPONSIBILITY FOR INTEGRATION OF SAFETY INTO THE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM .................................................................................................................................................... 46 4.3. THE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM ........................................................................................................... 47 4.4. MANAGEMENT OF RESOURCES ...................................................................................................... 52 4.5. MANAGEMENT OF PROCESSES AND ACTIVITIES ..................................................................... 53 4.6. CULTURE FOR SAFETY ....................................................................................................................... 55 4.7. MEASUREMENT, ASSESSMENT AND IMPROVEMENT .............................................................. 56 4.8. SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................................... 58 5. AUTHORIZATION ..................................................................................................................................... 59 5.1. GENERIC ISSUES ................................................................................................................................... 59 5.2. AUTHORIZATION OF NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS ..................................................................... 60 5.3. AUTHORIZATION OF FUEL CYCLE FACILITIES ........................................................................ 61 5.4. AUTHORIZATION OF RADIOACTIVE WASTE MANAGEMENT FACILITIES ......................