School of Mathematics and Systems Engineering Reports from MSI - Rapporter från MSI Flexible User Interface - FLUSI Jan Conrad Jan MSI Report 06010 2006 Växjö University ISSN 1650-2647 SE-351 95 VÄXJÖ ISRN VXU/MSI/DA/E/--06010/--SE Flexible User Interface FLUSI Jan Conrad Abstract The cellular phone network has been increasing rapidly during the last years. For many people the mobile phone has become an every day gadget with a wide performance and functional range. The usage of technologies like GPRS, HSCSD, EDGE and UMTS as well as the bandwidth of networks and consequently the connectivity of the phones has also increased persistently. Coming along with that, three technologies, which are ubiquitous or pervasive computing, mobile and wireless networks and location-based technologies, are making rapid progress. The aim of this thesis is to offer an architecture for a location-based user interface in the intersection of the three technologies mentioned above. The system should work with a minimum of special hardware requirement. Not to overload the user with information, the user interface should be adaptable, context-aware and location-based. The context-data should remain extendible and adaptable. II Acknowledgements I would like to thank some people who helped and supported us in writing my thesis. First, I am grateful to Jesper Andersson. He has been a continual support. He was always available for me and inspired me with many relevant and useful ideas and critics. Secondly I thank Marcus Edvinsson who introduced me to the XAP-System. Last but not the least I thank Mathias Hedenborg and Maria Karlsson who made this thesis possible. Jan Conrad III Abbreviations 3G Third Generation API Application Programming Interface CPU Central Processing Unit DLL Dynamic Link Library DOM Document Object Model DOP Dilution Of Precision DTD Document Type Definition EDGE Enhanced Data for GSM Evolution FLUSI Flexible User Interface GNSS Global Navigation Satellite System GPRS General Packet Radio Service GPS Global Positioning System GSM Global System Mobile GUI Graphical User Interface HSCSD High Speed Circuit Switched Data HTML HyperText Markup Language HTTP Hypertext Transfer Protocol I/O Devices Input / Output Devices IT Information Technologies Navstar Navigation System with Timing And Ranging NMEA National Marine Electronics Association OO Object Oriented OS Operating System PC Personal Computer POI Points Of Interest RAM Random Accessed Memory ROM Read Only Memory SAX Simple API for XML U.S. United States of America UI User Interface UIQ User Interface Quartz UMTS Universal Mobile Communication System URI Uniform Resource Locator WGS 84 World Geodetic System of 1984 WLAN Wireless Local Area Network XML eXtented Markup Language IV Table of Contents 1 INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1 1.1 MOTIVATION..............................................................................................................................1 1.2 RESEARCH QUESTIONS...............................................................................................................1 1.3 METHOD ...................................................................................................................................2 1.4 RESTRICTIONS............................................................................................................................2 2 LOCATION-BASED SERVICES................................................................................................3 2.1 MOBILE COMPUTING ...............................................................................................................4 2.1.1 An introduction into Symbian O.S. ..................................................................................4 2.1.2 Smartphones .......................................................................................................................9 2.1.3 Series 60 Platform ...........................................................................................................10 2.1.4 Phone-Hardware ..............................................................................................................11 2.1.5 User interface design on mobile phones.......................................................................12 2.2 PERVASIVE / UBIQUITOUS COMPUTING..............................................................................13 2.3 LOCATION-BASED SERVICES.................................................................................................15 2.3.1 Entities...............................................................................................................................16 2.3.2 Locations...........................................................................................................................16 2.3.3 Location sensing techniques...........................................................................................16 2.3.4 Context awareness ...........................................................................................................18 2.3.5 Filters ................................................................................................................................18 2.3.6 Privacy and Security .......................................................................................................18 3 FLEXIBLE USER INTERFACE PROTOTYPE “FLUSI” .................................................19 3.1 SCENARIO ...............................................................................................................................19 3.2 ARCHITECTURE ......................................................................................................................21 3.3 USED TECHNIQUES AND FUNCTIONALITY...........................................................................23 3.3.1 The universe......................................................................................................................23 3.3.2 Locations and filters........................................................................................................23 3.3.3 Distinction between universe file and location file.....................................................25 3.3.4 XML-Parser ......................................................................................................................26 3.3.5 GPS ....................................................................................................................................26 3.3.6 GPS-Interface over Bluetooth ........................................................................................29 3.3.7 Provisioning......................................................................................................................32 3.3.8 Cell id ................................................................................................................................34 V 4 EVALUATION..............................................................................................................................35 4.1 GENERALITY ..........................................................................................................................35 4.2 FLEXIBLE USER-INTERFACE......................................................................................................36 4.3 ADAPTABILITY .......................................................................................................................38 4.4 FLEXIBEL USER INTERFACE PROTOTYPE „FLUSI“...............................................................39 5 CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE WORK................................................................................40 5.1 ENHANCED PROVISIONING....................................................................................................40 5.2 DATA INTEGRATION ..............................................................................................................40 5.3 VARIABLE RADIUS OF RELEVANCE.......................................................................................41 5.4 LOCATION-BASED SERVICES.................................................................................................42 5.5 PAYMENT................................................................................................................................42 5.6 PROTECTION OF MINORS .......................................................................................................42 5.7 POSITIONING ..........................................................................................................................43 5.8 THE FUTURE OF USER EQUIPMENT........................................................................................43 VI List of figures FIGURE 1: CLASSIFICATION OF THE TOPIC .....................................................................................................3 FIGURE 2: SYSTEM COMPONENTS..................................................................................................................5 FIGURE 3: DESCRIPTOR OVERVIEW ...............................................................................................................7 FIGURE 4: OVERVIEW DESCRIPTOR CLASSES .................................................................................................7 FIGURE 5: HEAP FAILURE..............................................................................................................................8 FIGURE